25089 Marine Debris Survey and Removal Efforts - NWHI Data Set Published / External 25088 Marine Debris Project On Going 2019 The marine debris data included in this dataset are from annual in-water surveys conducted from 1999 to 2021 at the reefs, atolls and islands in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI) by the NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), Ecosystem Sciences Division (ESD) with funding from Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument (PMNM), and NOAA's Marine Debris (MDP) and Damage Assessment Remediation and Restoration (DARRP) Programs. These surveys and removal efforts of marine debris were conducted primarily during ship-based missions to the NWHI, and also as fly-in missions. During a mission, surveys were conducted by divers based on small boats launched either from a ship or from the shore. Two survey methods were used to search for marine debris; tow and swim surveys. Tow surveys were used in the relatively even-depth (usually less than 10 meters deep), contiguous backreef habitats, typically at Midway Atoll, Kure Atoll and Pearl and Hermes Atoll. Two free-divers were towed behind a small boat to search for debris throughout the water column. Swim surveys were used primarily in the comparatively high-relief and patchy lagoonal reef habitats of Maro Reef and Pearl and Hermes Atoll. During swim surveys, two or more snorkelers swam across the reefs to search for debris while being directed by the small boats to follow pre-planned routes. Survey areas and routes were chosen based on regional reef morphology and past debris accumulation records. During a survey, if debris larger than 0.012 cubic meters (size of a small toolbox) was encountered, descriptive information about the debris and its location (i.e., type, color, size, biofouling, estimated depth, substrate composition/color) were recorded and a GPS waypoint was taken. Debris was removed if determined to be safe to do so and without causing damage to the surrounding coral reef habitat. Once removed, the volume of removed debris was estimated and recorded. At the end of the survey or if the small boat reached its capacity, the boat returned to the ship or to the shore and the boats debris load was weighed and recorded. Up to 4 small boats in one day concurrently conducted surveys during a mission. The purpose of the marine debris survey and removal efforts in Northwestern Hawaiian Islands is to mitigate entanglement threats to wildlife, in particular to the critically endangered Hawaiian monk seal (Monachus schauinslandi) and the threatened green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) and to reduce the impact on coral reef habitats. Also, the focused effort to survey the debris in the backreef areas in Midway Atoll aims to study rates of debris accumulation in this remote location. During an extended field season at Midway Atoll in the NWHI in 2012, PIFSC scientists removed all of the marine debris along the backreefs at Midway Atoll. This represented a starting point to begin studying the accumulation rate along the backreefs for subsequent years. Since then there have been focused efforts to survey and study the accumulation rate in Midway Atoll. In 2013, 2015, 2018, and 2021 the survey and removal efforts were conducted as a component of the shore-based mission at Midway Atoll. Prior to the surveys in 2013, the backreef areas of the atoll were divided into 35 fixed survey boxes (size of each survey box is approximately 0.25 km2). Because of limited survey time, the preexisting survey boxes were randomized, and a subset of the boxes were identified as a first- or second-tier priority for each strata to survey. During a shore-based mission, when a small boat is at its capacity, the boat returns to Sand Island of Midway Atoll to weigh and record its debris load. The Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument (PMNM) includes the 1200 nautical mile chain of atolls and islets known as the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI) that are geographically positioned as a repository for marine debris. Marine debris circulates within the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre until it encounters the atolls of the NWHI. The Ecosystem Sciences Division (ESD) at the NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC) has conducted both ship- and shore-based missions in the NWHI to survey for and remove derelict fishing gear and many other types of marine debris. Exploratory and opportunistic efforts began in 1996 that eventually evolved into annual cruises deployed up to 4 months at a time with a team of up to 18 personnel. The efforts prior to 1999 were focused on the removal of the marine debris, therefore data collection was inconsistent and not standardized. These marine debris missions have been supported by several agencies over the years, including PMNM, NOAA Marine Debris Program (MDP), NOAA Damage Assessment Remediation and Restoration Program (DARRP), and the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP). ESD has removed derelict fishing gear and other marine debris from Pearl and Hermes Atoll (PHR), Midway Atoll (MID), Kure Atoll (KUR), Lisianski Island (LIS), Laysan Island (LAY), Maro Reef (MAR), and French Frigate Shoals (FFS). Theme ISO 19115 Topic Category environment Theme CRCP Project 1014 Theme CRCP Project 1224 Theme CRCP Project 20497 Theme CRCP Project Marine Debris Survey & Removal from the Northwest Hawaiian Islands (NWHI) Theme CRCP Project Marine Debris Survey and Removal from the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI): Maintenance Mode Theme CRCP Project Marine debris removal and assessment of debris accumulation rates in the Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Theme CRCP Project Marine debris removal from NWHI Theme CRCP Project Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Marine Debris Removal, Research, and Outreach Theme CoRIS Discovery Thesaurus Geographic Information > Marine Debris Theme CoRIS Theme Thesaurus EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Damage Assessment > Marine Debris Theme NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS DEBRIS Theme NODC PLATFORM NAMES THESAURUS AMERICAN ISLANDER Theme NODC PLATFORM NAMES THESAURUS KUKUI Theme NODC PLATFORM NAMES THESAURUS OSCAR ELTON SETTE Theme NODC PLATFORM NAMES THESAURUS TOWNSEND CROMWELL Theme CRED Theme CREP Theme Coral Reef Ecosystem Division Theme Coral Reef Ecosystem Program Theme Derelict Fishing Gear Theme Ecosystem Theme F/V Ocean Fury Theme M/V Casitas Theme Marine Debris Theme NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP) Theme PIFSC Theme Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center Theme R/V Freebird Theme R/V Katmai Theme USCG Walnut Spatial CoRIS Place Thesaurus COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Honolulu > French Frigate Shoals (24N166W0001) Spatial CoRIS Place Thesaurus COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Honolulu > Gardner Pinnacles (25N168W0001) Spatial CoRIS Place Thesaurus COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Honolulu > Kure Atoll (28N178W0001) Spatial CoRIS Place Thesaurus COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Honolulu > Laysan Island (25N171W0001) Spatial CoRIS Place Thesaurus COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Honolulu > Lisianski Island (25N173W0001) Spatial CoRIS Place Thesaurus COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Honolulu > Maro Reef (25N170W0001) Spatial CoRIS Place Thesaurus COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Honolulu > Midway Atoll (28N177W0001) Spatial CoRIS Place Thesaurus COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Honolulu > Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (28N178W0000) Spatial CoRIS Place Thesaurus COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Honolulu > Pearl and Hermes Reef (27N176W0001) Spatial CoRIS Place Thesaurus OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (28N178W0000) Spatial CoRIS Place Thesaurus OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Northwestern Hawaiian Islands > French Frigate Shoals (24N166W0001) Spatial CoRIS Place Thesaurus OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Northwestern Hawaiian Islands > Gardner Pinnacles (25N168W0001) Spatial CoRIS Place Thesaurus OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Northwestern Hawaiian Islands > Kure Atoll (28N178W0001) Spatial CoRIS Place Thesaurus OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Northwestern Hawaiian Islands > Laysan Island (25N171W0001) Spatial CoRIS Place Thesaurus OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Northwestern Hawaiian Islands > Lisianski Island (25N173W0001) Spatial CoRIS Place Thesaurus OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Northwestern Hawaiian Islands > Maro Reef (25N170W0001) Spatial CoRIS Place Thesaurus OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Northwestern Hawaiian Islands > Midway Atoll (28N177W0001) Spatial CoRIS Place Thesaurus OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Northwestern Hawaiian Islands > Pearl and Hermes Reef (27N176W0001) Spatial NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS North Pacific Ocean Spatial NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Spatial NWHI Spatial Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center Honolulu HI USA Data Set CSV Files As Needed Table (digital) These marine debris survey data are PRELIMINARY data and have not been screened for accuracy. NOAA can not be held liable for use of these data in a manner other than for perusal of preliminary marine debris data for scientific research on coral reef ecosystems. Disclaimer - NOAA makes no warranty regarding these data, expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data, nor as a result of the failure of these data to function on a particular system. PIFSC Ecosystem Sciences Division Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable 36839 Marine Debris Published / External Completed Entities for marine debris data from the underwater surveys Loaded by batch 9772, 02-17-2017 17:02 Data Table Yes CRED_DEBRIS Materialized view containing marine debris data 1 MISSION VARCHAR2 50 Yes No Active Mission or Cruise VARCHAR2 2 VESSEL VARCHAR2 95 No No Active Vessel or Vehicle the mission was conducted from. In the case of ship-based mission, this is the parent vessel. VARCHAR2 3 PRIMARY_PURPOSE VARCHAR2 50 No No Active Values=LAND REMOVAL, MARINE REMOVAL, AERIAL SURVEY, NO_DATA, indicates type of survey. "Land" surveys were depricated from this table after 2/2013 VARCHAR2 4 REGION_CODE VARCHAR2 10 Yes No Active Descriptive Region Code, Currently: MHI = Main Hawaiian Islands, NWHI = Northwest Hawaiian Islands/Papahanaumamakuakea National Monument VARCHAR2 5 REGION_DESC VARCHAR2 255 No No Active Long Description of Region VARCHAR2 6 LOCATION_CODE VARCHAR2 255 No No Active Descriptive 3 digit code for the island or atoll work was conducted at. FFS: French Frigate Shoals KUR: Kure Atoll MAR: Maro Reef PHR: Pearl and Hermes Atoll LIS: Lisianski Island MID: Midway Atoll VARCHAR2 7 LOCATION VARCHAR2 255 No No Active Full LOCATION VARCHAR2 8 LOCATION_LONG VARCHAR2 255 No No Active Full LOCATION and Region VARCHAR2 9 LOAD_NUM NUMBER 22 Yes No Active Sequential value for each daily load (per small boat) beginning with 1. For example, We have four small boats conducting removals (MD1, MD2, MD3 and MD4). Each of these four boats will have a load 1. If any of them go back out for a second load, only that boat would have a load #2. NUMBER 10 LATITUDE NUMBER 22 No No 38 Active Latitude of individual DFG (net) point from GPS waypoint. This lat/long information is associated with the individual DFG net point that all net-associated data corresponds to. NUMBER 11 LONGITUDE NUMBER 22 No No Active Longitude of individual DFG (net) point from GPS waypoint NUMBER 12 SOURCE VARCHAR2 50 No No Active Where debris is recovered from, either LAND (shoreline) or WATER (from the reefs) VARCHAR2 13 WEIGHTLOAD_KG NUMBER 22 No No Active Unit=Kilograms. Weight of debris load (boat-load). This is NOT the weight of this DFG net point, but the weight of the larger load that includes this DFG net point and other DFG points removed by that boat that day. This entity added for use in 2003 NUMBER 14 GPS_FILE_DATE DATE 7 No No Active Date the spatial data on GPS unit was collected (typically the date the survey was completed) DATE 15 SURVEY_TOW VARCHAR2 7 No No Active Values: YES, NO, NO_DATA, indicates if survey was completed by divers being towed behind a vessel VARCHAR2 16 SURVEY_SWIM VARCHAR2 7 No No Active Values: YES, NO, NO_DATA, indicates if survey was completed by divers swimming VARCHAR2 17 LAND_OPS VARCHAR2 7 No No Active Values: YES, NO, NO_DATA, indicates if survey was completed by participants on land (shoreline). Generally used for opportunistic shoreline removals of DFG on same day as an in-water survey VARCHAR2 18 VISIBILITY_START_M NUMBER 22 No No 38 Active Units=Meters, Measured Value This is a measure of underwater visibility at the start of each day in the area surveyed. It can be considered the limit at which a fishing net can be seen underwater. A visibility measurement is taken once in the morning before surveys, and once at the end of the day after surveys are complete. A 1ftx1ft piece of green trawl/seine net is attached to a measuring tape and two divers swim apart until the limit of visibility of the net is reached. That data is then recorded. NUMBER 19 VISIBILITY_END_M NUMBER 22 No No Active Units=Meters, Measured Value This is a measure of underwater visibility at the end of each day in the area surveyed. It can be considered the limit at which a fishing net can be seen underwater. A visibility measurement is taken once in the morning before surveys, and once at the end of the day after surveys are complete. A 1ftx1ft piece of green trawl/seine net is attached to a measuring tape and two divers swim apart until the limit of visibility of the net is reached. That data is then recorded. NUMBER 20 SURVEY_TYPE VARCHAR2 20 No No Active Type of Survey Conducted. Values: NON_SURVEY, LAND, SWIM, TOW, and NO_DATA VARCHAR2 21 OBS_LENGTH NUMBER 22 No No Active Unit=meters, Length of DFG as found in the water, measured as longest 2 dimensional value. Measured to the nearest 0.05m NUMBER 22 OBS_WIDTH NUMBER 22 No No 38 Active Unit=meters, Average width of DFG as found in the water, measured as shorter 2 dimensional value. Measured to the nearest 0.05m NUMBER 23 OBS_HEIGHT NUMBER 22 No No Active Unit=meters, Average height of DFG as found in the water, measured to the nearest 0.01m NUMBER 24 REMOVED VARCHAR2 50 No No Active Values: YES, NO, NO_DATA, (Blanks) This indicates if the DFG was removed from the water or land or left in place. VARCHAR2 25 VOLUME_REMOVED NUMBER 22 No No Active Unit=cubic meters,Volume of net physically removed from the water (volume estimated after pulled into the boat and consolidated into a pile. Does not reflect in-water LxWxH. Added as a data field for use in 2005 NUMBER 26 SIZE_CLASS VARCHAR2 20 No No Active This entity depricated as of 3-2013, inconsistently used VARCHAR2 27 DEPTH_M NUMBER 22 No No Active Unit=meters: Average Depth of DFG as found in the water to the nearest 0.1m. NUMBER 28 DEBRIS_TYPE VARCHAR2 255 No No Active Expanded Name for Type of DFG VARCHAR2 29 CONGLOMERATE VARCHAR2 10 No No Active Is the Debris a mixture of DFG types? NO, YES, or NO_DATA VARCHAR2 30 DEBRIS_TYPE_ORIGINAL VARCHAR2 255 No No Active Original Debris TypeDesignations, Values generally: M: MONOFILAMENT GILLNET, F: TRAWL/SEINE, T: TRAWL (MULTIPANEL/COD END ONLY), R: MISC. LINE, H: HAWSER, L: LONGLINE, G: MULTIFILAMENT GILLNET, O: OTHER, NO_DATA, or SCRAP_METAL VARCHAR2 31 DEBRIS_COLOR VARCHAR2 50 No No Active Most Prominent Color of DFG. Value from Mar_Color.Color_Code column VARCHAR2 32 FOUL_LEVEL VARCHAR2 10 No No Active Values are NO_DATA, 1=0-25%, 2=26-50%, 3=51-75%, 4=76-100% Describing the level of bio-fouling on the surface of the DFG as found in the water. The percentage of the visible surface of the DFG that is fouled with bio-fouling. VARCHAR2 33 PERCENT_REMOVED NUMBER 22 No No Active % of total DFG physically removed and weighed. Note: sometimes all, or portions of, a given DFG net are left in place due to concerns of contributing to added coral damage. NUMBER 34 CORAL_GROWTH VARCHAR2 10 No No Active YES= Discernable Coral Growth has occured, NO= Discernable Coral Growth has not occured This refers to whether new coral growth has occurred in one of two ways: 1. Coral grows around the strands of DFG, encapsulating the DFG within the coral, or 2. New corals have recruited on top of the DFG, using it as a substrate for growth. VARCHAR2 35 GROWTH_TYPE1 VARCHAR2 50 No No Active Indicates type of coral growth: R: RECRUITING, or E: ENCAPSULATED This refers to whether new coral growth has occurred in one of two ways: 1. Coral grows around the strands of DFG, encapsulating the DFG within the coral, or 2. New corals have recruited on top of the DFG, using it as a substrate for growth. VARCHAR2 36 CORAL_GENERA1 VARCHAR2 50 No No Active Genera of coral that has encapsulated or recruited on the DFG if known. Generally, PP: POCILLOPORA, POR: PORITES, or MON: MONTIPORA VARCHAR2 37 GROWTH_TYPE2 VARCHAR2 50 No No Active Indicates type of coral growth: R: RECRUITING, or E: ENCAPSULATED This refers to whether new coral growth has occurred in one of two ways: 1. Coral grows around the strands of DFG, encapsulating the DFG within the coral, or 2. New corals have recruited on top of the DFG, using it as a substrate for growth. VARCHAR2 38 CORAL_GENERA2 VARCHAR2 50 No No Active Genera of coral that has encapsulated or recruited on the DFG if known. Generally, PP: POCILLOPORA, POR: PORITES, or MON: MONTIPORA VARCHAR2 39 GROWTH_TYPE3 VARCHAR2 50 No No Active Indicates type of coral growth: R: RECRUITING, or E: ENCAPSULATED. This refers to whether new coral growth has occurred in one of two ways: 1. Coral grows around the strands of DFG, encapsulating the DFG within the coral, or 2. New corals have recruited on top of the DFG, using it as a substrate for growth. VARCHAR2 40 CORAL_GENERA3 VARCHAR2 50 No No Active Genera of coral that has encapsulated or recruited on the DFG if known. Generally, PP: POCILLOPORA, POR: PORITES, or MON: MONTIPORA VARCHAR2 41 PERCENT_SAND NUMBER 22 No No Active Percentage of Substrate that is Sand (Using total of sand, live coral, algae, and coral cement as 100%) How to: using the length & width of the net/line as a visual gauge (planar perimeter), estimate a similar planar area on each side of net. The substrate to be characterized will be both the habitat in this extended area as well as underneath the net/line. NUMBER 42 PERCENT_LIVE_CORAL NUMBER 22 No No 38 Active Percentage of Substrate that is Live Coral (Using total of sand, live coral, algae, and coral cement as 100%) How to: using the length & width of the net/line as a visual gauge (planar perimeter), estimate a similar planar area on each side of net. The substrate to be characterized will be both the habitat in this extended area as well as underneath the net/line. NUMBER 43 PERCENT_ALGAE NUMBER 22 No No Active Percentage of Substrate that is Macroalgae (Using total of sand, live coral, algae, and coral cement as 100%) How to: using the length & width of the net/line as a visual gauge (planar perimeter), estimate a similar planar area on each side of net. The substrate to be characterized will be both the habitat in this extended area as well as underneath the net/line. NUMBER 44 PERCENT_CORAL_CEMENT NUMBER 22 No No 38 Active Percentage of Substrate that is Coral Cement aka reef pavement. (Using total of sand, live coral, algae, and coral cement as 100%) How to: using the length & width of the net/line as a visual gauge (planar perimeter), estimate a similar planar area on each side of net. The substrate to be characterized will be both the habitat in this extended area as well as underneath the net/line. NUMBER 45 NOTES VARCHAR2 512 No No Active Unusual observations about the DFG or its collection VARCHAR2 46 SUBSTRATE_COLOR VARCHAR2 50 No No Active Most Prominent Color of Substrate. Value from Mar_Color.Color_Code column VARCHAR2 Data Steward 2015 Person Garriques, Joao D joao.garriques@noaa.gov 1845 Wasp Blvd. Honolulu HI 96818 USA (808)725-5407 0700 to 1530 Email preferred Distributor 2019-06 Organization NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information NCEI ncei.info@noaa.gov https://ror.org/04r0wrp59 https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. Online Resource Distributor 2013 2021 Person Akridge, Michael W michael.akridge@noaa.gov 1845 Wasp Blvd. Honolulu HI 96818 USA (808)725-5483 Metadata Contact 2010 Person Akridge, Michael W michael.akridge@noaa.gov 1845 Wasp Blvd. Honolulu HI 96818 USA (808)725-5483 Originator 1999 Organization Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center PIFSC pifsc.info@noaa.gov https://ror.org/02apffz65 1845 Wasp Blvd. Honolulu HI 96818 USA 808-725-5360 https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov Pacific Island Fisheries Science Center homepage Online Resource 8:00 a.m. - 4:30 p.m. Point of Contact 2015 Person Garriques, Joao D joao.garriques@noaa.gov 1845 Wasp Blvd. Honolulu HI 96818 USA (808)725-5407 0700 to 1530 Email preferred Point of Contact 2013 2015 Person Manuel, Mark E mark.manuel@noaa.gov https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3705-2280 1845 Wasp Blvd. Honolulu HI 96818 USA (808)725-5424 Point of Contact 2006 2013 Person Koyanagi, Kyle kyle.koyanagi@noaa.gov 1125B Ala Moana Blvd Honolulu HI 96814 Ground Condition Mission TC99-10 -175.831567 -173.9573333 27.937667 26.0539 Geographic area of marine debris survey and removal efforts conducted in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI). Range 1999-10-06 1999-11-04 Time frame of marine debris survey and removal efforts conducted in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI). Mission TC00-10 -166.27653 -166.20976 23.87161 23.85918 Geographic area of marine debris survey and removal efforts conducted in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI). Range 2000-08-09 2000-08-25 Time frame of marine debris survey and removal efforts conducted in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI). Mission TC00-12 -178.37224 -173.96036 28.42655 26.06665 Geographic area of marine debris survey and removal efforts conducted in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI). Range 2000-10-09 2000-11-05 Time frame of marine debris survey and removal efforts conducted in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI). Mission KM2001 -175.84309 -175.72602 27.96068 27.82589 Geographic area of marine debris survey and removal efforts conducted in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI). Range 2001-09-02 2001-11-22 Time frame of marine debris survey and removal efforts conducted in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI). Mission AI/OF2001 -178.37218 -178.28545 28.45381 28.08416667 Geographic area of marine debris survey and removal efforts conducted in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI). Range 2001-09-02 2001-11-22 Time frame of marine debris survey and removal efforts conducted in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI). Mission TC01-11 -178.29299 -166.2089 28.41266 23.85885 Geographic area of marine debris survey and removal efforts conducted in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI). Range 2001-10-22 2001-11-20 Time frame of marine debris survey and removal efforts conducted in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI). Mission OF2002 -178.29364 -173.96063 28.40776 26.06088 Geographic area of marine debris survey and removal efforts conducted in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI). Range 2002-05-03 2002-07-08 Time frame of marine debris survey and removal efforts conducted in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI). Range 2002-08-12 2002-08-22 Time frame of marine debris survey and removal efforts conducted in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI). Range 2002-08-28 2002-09-13 Time frame of marine debris survey and removal efforts conducted in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI). Mission AI2002 -178.29399 -173.95927 28.42702 26.05971 Geographic area of marine debris survey and removal efforts conducted in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI). Range 2002-04-23 2002-07-08 Time frame of marine debris survey and removal efforts conducted in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI). Range 2002-08-12 2002-08-22 Time frame of marine debris survey and removal efforts conducted in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI). Range 2002-08-28 2002-09-13 Time frame of marine debris survey and removal efforts conducted in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI). Mission OF2003 -177.42294 -173.95631 28.27849 26.05888 Geographic area of marine debris survey and removal efforts conducted in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI). Range 2003-05-14 2003-08-29 Time frame of marine debris survey and removal efforts conducted in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI). Mission AI/OF2003 -170.63708 -170.63509 25.44875 25.44791 Geographic area of marine debris survey and removal efforts conducted in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI). Range 2003-05-14 2003-08-29 Time frame of marine debris survey and removal efforts conducted in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI). Mission AI2003 -178.34466 -173.9869383 28.45286 26.07293333 Geographic area of marine debris survey and removal efforts conducted in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI). Range 2003-05-14 2003-08-29 Time frame of marine debris survey and removal efforts conducted in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI). Mission CAS04 -178.36651 -166.22606 28.4362 23.8677 Geographic area of marine debris survey and removal efforts conducted in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI). Range 2004-06-19 2004-10-18 Time frame of marine debris survey and removal efforts conducted in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI). Mission WAL05 -175.9431317 -170.62433 27.875405 25.44642 Geographic area of marine debris survey and removal efforts conducted in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI). Range 2005-08-22 2005-09-10 Time frame of marine debris survey and removal efforts conducted in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI). Mission KUK05 -170.63949 -170.58856 25.46698 25.43243 Geographic area of marine debris survey and removal efforts conducted in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI). Range 2005-08-31 2005-09-19 Time frame of marine debris survey and removal efforts conducted in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI). Mission CAS05 -178.33308 -175.72823 28.45294 27.76098 Geographic area of marine debris survey and removal efforts conducted in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI). Range 2005-06-08 2005-07-06 Time frame of marine debris survey and removal efforts conducted in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI). Mission FRE05 -166.2994 -166.11265 23.87487 23.64915667 Geographic area of marine debris survey and removal efforts conducted in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI). Range 2005-09-19 2005-11-14 Time frame of marine debris survey and removal efforts conducted in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI). Mission OES0609 -178.37245 -175.74745 28.45401 27.76133 Geographic area of marine debris survey and removal efforts conducted in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI). Range 2006-08-10 2006-09-06 Time frame of marine debris survey and removal efforts conducted in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI). Mission OES0709 -175.986688 -175.7250769 27.95949496 27.75658032 Geographic area of marine debris survey and removal efforts conducted in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI). Range 2007-10-11 2007-11-08 Time frame of marine debris survey and removal efforts conducted in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI). Mission OES0706 -178.3695615 -175.7266833 28.45310709 27.76363545 Geographic area of marine debris survey and removal efforts conducted in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI). Range 2007-07-18 2007-08-14 Time frame of marine debris survey and removal efforts conducted in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI). Mission OES0708 -166.2745784 -166.1598293 23.87491434 23.76143234 Geographic area of marine debris survey and removal efforts conducted in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI). Range 2007-09-17 2007-10-03 Time frame of marine debris survey and removal efforts conducted in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI). Mission WAL2008 -170.6420661 -170.5692782 25.44995626 25.43158958 Geographic area of marine debris survey and removal efforts conducted in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI). Range 2008-05-20 2008-06-06 Time frame of marine debris survey and removal efforts conducted in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI). Mission WAL2009 -178.359469 -170.5805764 28.44571391 25.44115182 Geographic area of marine debris survey and removal efforts conducted in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI). Range 2009-06-21 2009-07-12 Time frame of marine debris survey and removal efforts conducted in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI). Mission OES0908, Leg I -178.3723825 -170.5667208 28.45327145 25.4198291 Geographic area of marine debris survey and removal efforts conducted in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI). Range 2009-09-01 2009-09-29 Time frame of marine debris survey and removal efforts conducted in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI). OES0908, Leg II -175.9841641 -166.2579237 27.9266597 23.8662824 Geographic area of marine debris survey and removal efforts conducted in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI). Range 2009-10-06 2009-10-30 Time frame of marine debris survey and removal efforts conducted in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI). Mission OES1103 -178.3682882 -166.2192976 28.45026369 23.86557992 Geographic area of marine debris survey and removal efforts conducted in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI). Range 2011-03-31 2011-04-24 Time frame of marine debris survey and removal efforts conducted in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI). Mission SB1205 -177.4223873 -177.3156932 28.27785322 28.19391022 Geographic area of marine debris survey and removal efforts conducted in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI). Range 2012-05-28 2012-06-23 Time frame of marine debris survey and removal efforts conducted in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI). Mission OES1204 -178.3696862 -175.7560864 28.45414778 27.78148497 Geographic area of marine debris survey and removal efforts conducted in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI). Range 2012-06-24 2012-07-14 Time frame of marine debris survey and removal efforts conducted in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI). Mission SB-13-05 -177.4227887 -177.3177788 28.27737663 28.19319148 Geographic area of marine debris survey and removal efforts conducted in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI). Range 2013-03-28 2013-04-18 Time frame of marine debris survey and removal efforts conducted in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI). Mission SE1407 -177.3584175 -170.5678008 28.27570645 25.42823355 Geographic area of marine debris survey and removal efforts conducted in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI). Range 2014-09-25 2014-10-27 Time frame of marine debris survey and removal efforts conducted in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI). Mission MP-15-15 -177.4212896 -177.3228883 28.27721553 28.19371736 Geographic area of marine debris survey and removal efforts conducted during the land-based mission at Midway Atoll in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI) in 2015. Range 2015-08-17 2015-09-01 Mission SE1805 -175.827015 -175.726265 27.951309 27.823336 Geographic area of marine debris survey and removal efforts conducted during the mission in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI) in 2018. Range 2018-09-24 2018-10-03 Mission CH0221 -178.368 -170.576 28.44811 25.43183 Geographic area of marine debris survey and removal efforts conducted during the mission in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI) in 2021. Range 2021-08-29 2021-09-12 Custom Unclassified Not applicable Not applicable NOAA Coral Reef Ecosystem Program (CREP) Data Sharing Recommendations, version 9.0 updated August 12, 2015: CREP welcomes the opportunity to collaborate on research issues contributing to the scientific basis for better management of marine ecosystems. CREP has a very diverse set of field activities that generates large volumes of data using an array of data collection protocols. The following recommendations are for your consideration as you use this data: 1) Data analyses should take all field exigencies into account. The most effective way to do this would be active collaboration with CREP principal investigators. 2) In all presentations, product releases, or publications using data generated by CREP, proper acknowledgement of both CREP and the individuals responsible for data collection is expected. Citing the DOI (if available) is preferred, a non-DOI example is listed below. 3) If you collect or generate data for the same study areas, CREP requests that you share relevant information on complimentary data collections. 4) Those receiving data are strongly urged to inform the CREP Data Management Team of any errors and discrepancies that are discovered during the course of using these data. They are further urged to bring to the attention of the Team all problems and difficulties encountered in using these data. This information is necessary in order to improve the collections and to facilitate more efficient and economical data processing and retrieval. The users are asked to supply copies of any missing data that may be located, and to provide information as to significant subsets and special aggregations of data that are developed in using the material provided. Example citation: "This publication makes use of data products provided by the Ecosystem Sciences Division (ESD), Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), with funding support from Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument (PMNM), and NOAA's Marine Debris (MDP) and Damage Assessment Remediation and Restoration (DARRP) Programs. The analysis and interpretations presented here are solely that of the current authors.” Data can be accessed online via the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) Ocean Archive, accession 0190879. None These marine debris survey data act as a proxy for area surveyed and have not been screened for accuracy based on environmental conditions or GPS accuracy. NOAA can not be held liable for use of these data in a manner other than for perusal of preliminary marine debris data for scientific research on coral reef ecosystems. When using this data, please credit the Ecosystem Sciences Division, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service. Suggested citation: Ecosystem Sciences Division; Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, (2016). Marine Debris Survey and Removal Efforts in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands since 1998. NOAA's National Center for Environmental Information, https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/25089. None None https://accession.nodc.noaa.gov/0190879 2019-06 Organization NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information https://ror.org/04r0wrp59 ESD_MARINE_Debris_1999-2021.csv Data from marine debris surveys and removal efforts in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands from 1999 - 2021. 2024-03-01T00:00:00 csv (comma-separated values) CSV - Comma Separated Values (Text) https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/pacific-islands/marine-debris-research-and-removal-northwestern-hawaiian-islands Marine Debris Research and Removal in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Online Resource Information about marine debris research and removal efforts in Northwestern Hawaiian Islands by Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center A GPS unit is used to record the trackline during tow surveys and the location of large debris items found. Prior to conducting surveys, researchers are trained to identify debris type and estimate/measure debris size, along with other ecological metrics. Both classroom and field training tests must be completed for all researchers (experienced and inexperienced alike) before each round of surveys begins. This training ensures that all marine debris surveys are conducted consistently by all researchers during a mission and from year to year. Handheld GPS units were used to record the location/coordinate for each debris item. The primary objective of the efforts in the earlier years (1999 to ~2009) was removal of marine debris, and the survey and data collection was the secondary objective. Therefore, data was not captured as consistently during this time period compared with the more recent surveys. Only shallow water (0 to ~10 meter depth range) habitats are surveyed. The survey sites/islands/atolls were identified and selected as high-density debris accumulation areas by looking at historical debris point data and assessing reef characteristics (depth, benthic habitat type, and energy regime). Previously cleaned backreef and lagoonal reefs were resurveyed for accumulated debris. Size estimates of debris in water were verified against the more accurate volume estimates of the nets once removed from the shallow coral reef environments and hauled onto the small boats. Yes Unknown Yes No Unknown NCEI-MD Unknown NOAA IRC and NOAA Fisheries ITS resources and assets. Marine debris removal has been conducted by the Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center's Ecosystem Sciences Division at the atolls, reefs and islands of Northwestern Hawaiian Islands since 1996. Standardized data collection has been implemented since 1999. Two methods are used to survey for marine debris; tow and swim surveys. Tow surveys are typically used in the relatively even-depth (usually less than 10 meters deep), contiguous backreef habitats, while swim surveys are typically used in the comparatively high-relief and patchy lagoonal reef habitats. Survey areas are chosen based on regional reef morphology and past accumulation records. Dameron, O. J., Parke, M., Albins, M. A., & Brainard, R. (2007). Marine debris accumulation in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands: an examination of rates and processes. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 54(4), 423-433. Discrete 2007 Donohue, M. J., Boland, R. C., Sramek, C. M., & Antonelis, G. A. (2001). Derelict fishing gear in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands: diving surveys and debris removal in 1999 confirm threat to coral reef ecosystems. Marine pollution bulletin, 42(12), 1301-1312. Discrete 2001 PIFSC. 2013. Restoring coral reefs: removing marine debris in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands 2012. NOAA Fisheries Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, PIFSC Special Publication, SP-13-001, 5 p. Discrete 2013 https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/797 NOAA Institutional Repository Booklet summarizing marine debris removal and research efforts in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands in 2012 by Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center Professional Paper PIFSC. 2014. Marine Debris: removal and assessment at Midway Atoll 2013. NOAA Fisheries Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center. PIFSC Special Publication, SP-14-001. 6 p. Discrete 2014 https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/10398 NOAA Institutional Repository Booklet summarizing marine debris removal and research efforts in Midway Atoll, the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands in 2013 by Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center Professional Paper PIFSC. 2015. Marine Debris. Removal and Assessment in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands: 2014. NOAA Fisheries Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center. PIFSC Special Publication, SP-15-003, 8 p. Discrete 2015 https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/19832 NOAA Institutional Repository Booklet summarizing marine debris removal and research efforts in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands in 2014 by Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center Professional Paper PIFSC. 2016. Marine Debris: Removal and Assessment in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands: 2015. NOAA Fisheries Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, PIFSC Special Publication, SP-16-005, 6 p. Discrete 2016 https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/12971 NOAA Institutional repository Booklet summarizing marine debris removal and research efforts in Midway Atoll, the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands in 2015 by Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center Professional Paper 1 The towed-diver surveys are used in areas of relatively flat bathymetry less than 10 meters in depth (primarily the contiguous backreef habitats that lie just inside the surf on the lagoon-side of the barrier reef of an atoll) as found at Midway Atoll, Kure Atoll and Pearl and Hermes Atoll. In this method, two free-divers are towed behind a small-boat at speeds of 1-2 knots on a towboard (underwater wing) to search for debris and/or derelict fishing gear snagged on the reef. Divers hold their breath, submerge below the surface and conduct a back-and-forth pattern across the reef visually scanning for marine debris. These surveys cover areas that include depths of 0.5-10 m over hard or mixed hard/soft substrate. The boat conducts a “lawn-mowing pattern” back and forth across the reef and records a trackline with the GPS. When calculating area surveyed on GIS, the boat’s trackline is buffered out 7.5 meters on either side to represent the area each diver is able to reasonably visually survey. *Note: Divers measure water visibility at the start and end of each operational day. A minimum visibility measurement of 7.5 m is required to conduct towed-diver surveys. Person Garriques, Joao D joao.garriques@noaa.gov 1845 Wasp Blvd. Honolulu HI 96818 USA (808)725-5407 0700 to 1530 Dameron, O. J., Parke, M., Albins, M. A., & Brainard, R. (2007). Marine debris accumulation in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands: an examination of rates and processes. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 54(4), 423-433. 2 The swim survey method was developed as a necessary alternative to towed-diver surveys in lagoonal, reticulated reef areas that were either too shallow, too irregular, or high-relief habitats difficult to survey effectively with the towed-diver survey technique. The method has typically been used in Maro Reef and Pearl and Hermes Atoll. During swim surveys, two or more divers swim across reefs to search for debris while being directed by the personnel in small boats to follow pre-planned routes and are coordinated for maximum visual area covered. Survey areas and routes are chosen based on regional reef morphology and past accumulation records. Person Garriques, Joao D joao.garriques@noaa.gov 1845 Wasp Blvd. Honolulu HI 96818 USA (808)725-5407 0700 to 1530 Dameron, O. J., Parke, M., Albins, M. A., & Brainard, R. (2007). Marine debris accumulation in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands: an examination of rates and processes. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 54(4), 423-433. 3 When a diver encounters debris larger than 0.012 cubic meters (size of small toolbox), descriptive data about the debris such as type, color, size, foul level, presence/absence of coral growth on the debris, estimated depth of debris, and substrate composition/color surrounding the debris are recorded. The location of the debris where it was found is also recorded with a GPS. The debris is removed (cut from the reef or pulled out of the sand) when it is determined that it is safe to do so, and that removing the debris won't cause harm to the surrounding corals. Once removed and loaded into the cargo area of the small boat, the volume of removed debris is recorded. Person Garriques, Joao D joao.garriques@noaa.gov 1845 Wasp Blvd. Honolulu HI 96818 USA (808)725-5407 0700 to 1530 Dameron, O. J., Parke, M., Albins, M. A., & Brainard, R. (2007). Marine debris accumulation in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands: an examination of rates and processes. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 54(4), 423-433. 4 When a small boat is at its capacity, the boat returns to the parent vessel and the debris load for the boat is weight and recorded. Typically 3 to 4 small boats are used per day for the underwater surveys. Areas surveyed for each boat are derived from GPS tracks. Person Garriques, Joao D joao.garriques@noaa.gov 1845 Wasp Blvd. Honolulu HI 96818 USA (808)725-5407 0700 to 1530 Dameron, O. J., Parke, M., Albins, M. A., & Brainard, R. (2007). Marine debris accumulation in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands: an examination of rates and processes. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 54(4), 423-433. 5 In 2013 and 2015, the survey and removal efforts were conducted as a component of the shore-based mission at Midway Atoll. Prior to the surveys in 2013, the backreef areas of the atoll were divided into 35 fixed survey boxes (size of each survey box is approximately 0.25 km2). Because of limited time available, the preexisting survey boxes were randomized, and a subset of the boxes were identified as a first- or second-tier priority for each strata to survey. During a shore-based mission, when a small boat was at its capacity, the boat returned to Sand Island at Midway Atoll to weigh and record its debris load. Person Garriques, Joao D joao.garriques@noaa.gov 1845 Wasp Blvd. Honolulu HI 96818 USA (808)725-5407 0700 to 1530 PIFSC. 2014. Marine Debris: removal and assessment at Midway Atoll 2013. NOAA Fisheries Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center. PIFSC Special Publication, SP-14-001. 6 p. 6 Individual weight of each removed debris can be estimated using WEIGHTLOAD_KG and VOLUME_REMOVED fields of each of the entities. First the VOLUME_REMOVED is summed for each GPS_FILE_DATE, WEIGHTLOAD_KG and LOAD_NUM to derive a total volume of debris removed for a load of a boat for a survey date. Fraction of each volume of debris removed is derived from dividing each VOLUME_REMOVED record by the associated total volume of debris debris removed for the load. Individual weight for each debris can be derived from multiplying the fraction by the WEIGHTLOAD_KG for the load. Person Garriques, Joao D joao.garriques@noaa.gov 1845 Wasp Blvd. Honolulu HI 96818 USA (808)725-5407 0700 to 1530 Dameron, O. J., Parke, M., Albins, M. A., & Brainard, R. (2007). Marine debris accumulation in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands: an examination of rates and processes. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 54(4), 423-433. Not Applicable Not Applicable 36839 Entity 32834 Data Set Cross Reference gov.noaa.nmfs.inport:25089 Annette DesRochers 2015-05-21T21:11:11 SysAdmin InPortAdmin 2026-03-04T19:17:24 2024-03-11 Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center PIFSC 1845 Wasp Blvd. Honolulu HI 96818 USA 808-725-5300 https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov 8:00 a.m. - 4:30 p.m. 1001 Public No No 2019-05-30 3 Years 2022-05-30