28208 AFSC/RACE/GAP/McConnaughey: Trawlex Chronic Effects: Trawlex (1996) Macrofauna CPUE (count/hectare) Data Set Published / External 28202 AFSC/RACE/GAP/McConnaughey: Trawlex Chronic Effects-1996-Other Data Set The eastern Bering Sea has experienced rapid and intensive development of commercial trawl fisheries. Because of good record keeping and the relatively brief history of fishing it is possible to reconstruct the spatial and temporal patterns of exploitation. Previously unfished (UF) areas can be identified and directly compared with heavily fished (HF) areas to investigate long-term consequences for the benthos. Using this approach, macrofauna populations in a shallow (48 m average) soft-bottom area were studied during 1996. Benthic communities are structured by dynamically interacting factors that determine habitat quality. Since benthic macrofauna demonstrate strong and often narrowly defined affinities, forces altering (or disturbing) the environment will be of considerable importance to their distribution and abundance. Commercial fishing with mobile gear, such as bottom trawls and dredges, and the physical disturbance that results, is widespread in continental shelf areas. Because of its prevalence and the potential for adverse effects, there have been numerous attempts to quantify sea-floor exposure at various spatial scales. The well documented development of commerical fisheries in the eastern Bering Sea (EBS) since 1954 presents a unique opportunity for studying trawling impacts. The Crab and Halibut Protection Zone 1 (CHPZ1; also known as management area 512), located north of the Alaska Peninsula in Bristol Bay, has a long and complex history of trawl prohibitions that extend from 1959 to the present. Using detailed accounts of closures and fishing activity, it is possible to reconstruct historical effort and identify essentially pristine areas immediately adjacent to areas that have been heavily fished with bottom trawls. This physical arrangement permits an examination of chronic disturbance by bottom trawls, without confounding environmental effects that result from geographic separation. Sampling locations were preselected on the basis of historical fish effort. Starting positions for commercial bottom trawls (n=392 743 through July 1996) were spatially joined with a 1 nm2 grid to calculate total number of trawls per nm2, and thus identify heavily fished (HF) and unfished (UF) areas along the boundary of the CHPZ1 (NORPAC fishery observer database maintained at the NMFS Alaska Fisheries ScienceCenter, Seattle, Washington). HF and UF cells on opposite sides of the boundary line were paired a priori on the basis of spatial proximity and were generally separated by 1 nm to allow for prior navigational discrepancies. A total of 42 pairs was identified at the northeastern corner of the CHPZ1. Catch data were spatially joined to line segments which were created from the start and ending trawl positions for each haul. Loaded by FGDC Metadata Uploader, batch 7446, 10-27-2015 16:56 The following FGDC sections are not currently supported in InPort, but were preserved and will be included in the FGDC export: - Spatial Reference Information (FGDC:spref), - Spatial Data Organization Information (FGDC:spdoinfo) Effects of Chronic Bottom Trawling on the Size Structure of Soft-Bottom Benthic Invertebrates. American Fisheries Society Symposium 41:425?437, 2005 Theme Bottom Trawling Theme Invertebrates Theme Macrofauna Spatial Bering Sea Alaska Fisheries Science Center Seattle WA USA Data Set None Planned Map (digital) See access and use constraints information. see Process Steps see Process Steps see Process Steps 28209 ncpue_1996_tows Published / External Loaded by FGDC Metadata Uploader, batch 7446, 10-27-2015 16:56 OBJECTID Unknown No No Active Internal feature number. Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Shape Unknown No No Active Feature geometry. Coordinates defining the features. LINEID Unknown No No Active Unique ID corresponding to individual trawl deployments VESSEL VARCHAR2 No No Active Trawling Vessel 88, 89 REGION VARCHAR2 No No Active Region of Management Area 512 NE, SW PAIR Unknown No No Active Unique HF/UF pair (treatment) TREAT VARCHAR2 No No Active Fishing Intensity Treatment HF, UF LATITUDE Unknown No No Active Latitude decimal degrees LONGITUDE Unknown No No Active longitude decimal degrees GEARTEMP Unknown No No Active water temperature (oC) from Branker MBT mounted on trawl headrope ~1 m above seaflloor BOT_DEPTH Unknown No No Active depth (meters) from Branker MBT mounted on trawl headrope corrected for the measured height of net above seafloor N1 Unknown No No Active Neptunea spp. N43000 Unknown No No Active Actiniaria (order) N50000 Unknown No No Active Polychaeta (class) ; Includes anything between codes 50000 to 50010 N56310 Unknown No No Active Eunoe spp.; Includes anything between codes 56310 to 56312 N66019 Unknown No No Active Pandalidae; Includes anything between codes 66019 to 66045 N66150 Unknown No No Active Hippolytidae; Includes anything between codes 66150 to 66200 N66502 Unknown No No Active Crangon spp. N68040 Unknown No No Active Cancer oregonensis N68510 Unknown No No Active Oregonia gracilis N68560 Unknown No No Active Chionoecetes bairdi N68580 Unknown No No Active Chionoecetes opilio N68781 Unknown No No Active Telmessus cheiragonus N69010 Unknown No No Active Paguridae; Includes anything between codes 69010 to 69086 N69090 Unknown No No Active Pagurus ochotensis N69316 Unknown No No Active Hapalogaster grebnitzkii N69322 Unknown No No Active Paralithodes camtschaticus N69400 Unknown No No Active Erimacrus isenbeckii N69520 Unknown No No Active Hyas spp. N71500 Unknown No No Active misc. gastropods (class); Includes anything between codes 71500 to 71640 N71700 Unknown No No Active Buccinidae (whelks); Includes anything between codes 71710 to 71769 N74000 Unknown No No Active misc. bivalves (class); Includes anything between codes 72806 to 74000 N74050 Unknown No No Active Mytilidae; Includes anything between codes 74050 to 74080 N74656 Unknown No No Active Cyclocardia spp.; Includes anything between codes 74655 to 74656 N74980 Unknown No No Active Cardiidae (cockles); Includes anything between codes 74980 to 74983 N75110 Unknown No No Active Mactromeris spp.; Includes anything between codes 75110 to 75111 N75201 Unknown No No Active Tellina spp.;Includes anything between codes 75201 to 75205 N75240 Unknown No No Active Macoma spp.; Includes anything between codes 75240 to 75247 N75264 Unknown No No Active Siliqua spp.;Includes anything between codes 75264 to 75267 N75284 Unknown No No Active Serripes spp.;Includes anything between codes 75285 to 75286 N80010 Unknown No No Active Evasterias spp.; Includes anything between codes 80015 to 80020 N80200 Unknown No No Active Lethasterias nanimensis N80595 Unknown No No Active Leptasterias spp.;Includes anything between codes 80590 to 80594 N81742 Unknown No No Active Asterias amurensis N82500 Unknown No No Active sea urchin unident.;Includes anything between codes 82500 to 82510 N82730 Unknown No No Active sand dollar unident. N83000 Unknown No No Active misc. ophiuroid;Includes anything between codes 83400 to 83400 N83020 Unknown No No Active Gorgonocephalus caryi N85200 Unknown No No Active Cucumaria spp. N94000 Unknown No No Active Sipuncula (phylum) N98000 Unknown No No Active ascidian unident. N98310 Unknown No No Active Aplidium spp. Shape_Length Unknown No No Active Length of feature in internal units. Positive real numbers that are automatically generated. Data Steward 2015 Person McConnaughey, Bob bob.mcconnaughey@noaa.gov Distributor 2015 Organization Alaska Fisheries Science Center AFSC afsc.webmaster@noaa.gov https://ror.org/01h7fye62 7600 Sand Point Way N.E., Building 4 Seattle WA 98115 USA (206) 526-4000 (206) 526-4004 https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/about/alaska-fisheries-science-center AKFSC Home Page Online Resource 0700-1700 Pacific Time Metadata Contact 2015-10-27 Person Intelmann, Steve steve.intelmann@noaa.gov 7600 Sand Point Way N.E., Building 4 Seattle WA 98115 USA (206) 526-4157 (206) 526-6723 Point of Contact 2015-10-27 Person McConnaughey, Bob bob.mcconnaughey@noaa.gov -162.455799 -159.664745 58.07317 56.101181 Range 1996 1997 Unclassified unknown None The United States Government shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of data described and/or contained herein. These data and related graphics are not legal documents and are not intended to be used as such. The Alaska Fisheries Science Center gives no warranty, expressed or implied, as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of these data. Spatial information may not meet National Map Accuracy Standards. The information contained in these data is dynamic and may change over time. Original data were compiled from various sources. The data are not better than the original sources from which they were derived. It is the responsibility of the data user to use the data appropriately and consistent within the limitations of geospatial data in general and these data in particular. It is strongly recommended that these data are directly acquired from an Alaska Fisheries Science Center server and not indirectly through other sources which may have changed the data in some way. Although these data have been used (processed) successfully on a computer system at the Alaska Fisheries Science Center, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the utility of the data on another system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. This disclaimer applies both to individual use of the data and aggregate use with other data. Personal GeoDatabase Feature C ESRI Personal Geodatabase https://access.afsc.noaa.gov/data-zips/32318_GAP_1996_Trawlex_chronic-effects-other.zip Data bundled in 32318 parent project archive including: 28202-AFSC/RACE/GAP/McConnaughey: Trawlex Chronic Effects-1996-Other 28204-AFSC/RACE/GAP/McConnaughey: Trawlex Chronic Effects: Bottom Trawl Catch Effort Data from NORPAC for Years 1973-2001 28208-AFSC/RACE/GAP/McConnaughey: Trawlex Chronic Effects: Trawlex (1996) Macrofauna CPUE (count/hectare) 28210-AFSC/RACE/GAP/McConnaughey: Trawlex Chronic Effects: Trawlex (1996) Macrofauna CPUE (weight/hectare) --- Zip Zip Microsoft Windows 7 Version 6.1 (Build 7601) Service Pack 1; Esri ArcGIS 10.3.0.4322 see Process Steps No Unknown No No Yes Unknown NCEI-MD unknown IT Security and Contingency Plan for the system establishes procedures and applies to the functions, operations, and resources necessary to recover and restore data as hosted in the Western Regional Support Center in Seattle, Washington, following a disruption. 1 Data were entered into a spreadsheet and converted to point features in ArcGIS. Person Intelmann, Steve steve.intelmann@noaa.gov 7600 Sand Point Way N.E., Building 4 Seattle WA 98115 USA (206) 526-4157 (206) 526-6723 2 Point features were converted to line features based on feature and vertex ID to represent the starting and ending locations of each trawl deployment. Catch and other environmental data, such as depth and temperature, were then spatially joined to each line segment based on a key field identifier from the original data. 3 Macrofauna sampling was conducted aboard two identical 40 m chartered stern trawlers, the sister ships FV ??Aldebaran?? and FV ??Arcturus??. Each is powered by a 1525 hp main engine and fitted with a variable pitch propeller and propeller nozzle. Macrofauna were sampled with identical 83?112 eastern otter trawls, selected to ensure relatively large samples of patchily distributed organisms and to minimize clogging of the opening by large macrofauna (e.g. sea stars). These nets have a 25.3 m headrope and a 34.1 m footrope and have been the standard sampling gear used for annual NMFS groundfish-crab surveys in the EBS since 1982. The trawl was towed behind 1000 kg steel V-doors and 54.9 m paired dandylines. Each lower dandyline has a 0.61 m chain extension connected to the lower wing edge to improve bottom-tending characteristics. For this study, the standard trawl was modified to improve catchability and retention of macrofauna. It was equipped with a tickler chain and a hula skirt, and had a 3.8 cm liner covering both wings and the entire bottom body, with complete coverage top and bottom of the intermediate and codend. An acoustic net mensuration system and a mechanical bottom contact sensor were used to assess net configuration and collect performance data for area-swept and catch-per-uniteffort (c.p.u.e.) calculations. Each vessel sampled adjoining HF-UF stations (??pairs??) by towing the trawl through the centre of a 1 nm2 cell for 1.39 km (i.e., 3 knots for 15 min). Catches were fully processed in the field by sorting macrofauna to the lowest possible taxon and then weighed and enumerated separately. Weights were determined using a motion-compensated precision electronic balance. Biogenic substrate, such as empty gastropod and bivalve shells, and identifiable egg masses were also weighed, so as to provide a more complete characterization of the benthos. Prior to analysis, catch data were lumped into larger taxonomic groups to resolve classification differences between the vessels and to reduce the number of dependent variables. Bottom trawl catches (CPUE)are standardized according to area swept, as determined with Scanmar ascoustic system and GPS coordinates of vessel. Catch values are counts of organisms/hectare. 1996-08-01T00:00:00 28209 Entity gov.noaa.nmfs.inport:28208 Nancy Roberson 2015-10-27T16:56:02 SysAdmin InPortAdmin 2026-03-04T19:17:17 2019-05-31 Alaska Fisheries Science Center AFSC 7600 Sand Point Way N.E., Building 4 Seattle WA 98115 USA https://www.afsc.noaa.gov 0700-1700 Pacific Time 1001 Public No No 2019-05-31 1 Year 2020-05-31 Vector String 104 NAD 1983 Alaska Albers 55.0 65.0 -154.0 50.0 0.0 0.0 coordinate pair 0.0001 0.0001 meter D North American 1983 GRS 1980 6378137.0 298.257222101 ncpue_1996_tows OBJECTID Internal feature number. ESRI Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Shape Feature geometry. ESRI Coordinates defining the features. LINEID Unique ID corresponding to individual trawl deployments VESSEL Trawling Vessel 88 F/V Arcturus ADP Codebook, 1996. Resource Assessment and Conservation Engineering, NMFS, Seattle, WA. 89 F/V Aldebran ADP Codebook, 1996. Resource Assessment and Conservation Engineering, NMFS, Seattle, WA. REGION Region of Management Area 512 NE Northeast Region of Management Area 512 SW Southwest Region of Management Area 512 PAIR Unique HF/UF pair (treatment) TREAT Fishing Intensity Treatment HF Highly Fished UF Unfished LATITUDE Latitude decimal degrees LONGITUDE longitude decimal degrees GEARTEMP water temperature (oC) from Branker MBT mounted on trawl headrope ~1 m above seaflloor BOT_DEPTH depth (meters) from Branker MBT mounted on trawl headrope corrected for the measured height of net above seafloor N1 Neptunea spp. ADP Codebook, 1996. Resource Assessment and Conservation Engineering, NMFS, Seattle, WA. N43000 Actiniaria (order) ADP Codebook, 1996. Resource Assessment and Conservation Engineering, NMFS, Seattle, WA. N50000 Polychaeta (class) ; Includes anything between codes 50000 to 50010 ADP Codebook, 1996. Resource Assessment and Conservation Engineering, NMFS, Seattle, WA. N56310 Eunoe spp.; Includes anything between codes 56310 to 56312 ADP Codebook, 1996. Resource Assessment and Conservation Engineering, NMFS, Seattle, WA. N66019 Pandalidae; Includes anything between codes 66019 to 66045 ADP Codebook, 1996. Resource Assessment and Conservation Engineering, NMFS, Seattle, WA. N66150 Hippolytidae; Includes anything between codes 66150 to 66200 ADP Codebook, 1996. Resource Assessment and Conservation Engineering, NMFS, Seattle, WA. N66502 Crangon spp. ADP Codebook, 1996. Resource Assessment and Conservation Engineering, NMFS, Seattle, WA. N68040 Cancer oregonensis ADP Codebook, 1996. Resource Assessment and Conservation Engineering, NMFS, Seattle, WA. N68510 Oregonia gracilis ADP Codebook, 1996. Resource Assessment and Conservation Engineering, NMFS, Seattle, WA. N68560 Chionoecetes bairdi ADP Codebook, 1996. Resource Assessment and Conservation Engineering, NMFS, Seattle, WA. N68580 Chionoecetes opilio ADP Codebook, 1996. Resource Assessment and Conservation Engineering, NMFS, Seattle, WA. N68781 Telmessus cheiragonus ADP Codebook, 1996. Resource Assessment and Conservation Engineering, NMFS, Seattle, WA. N69010 Paguridae; Includes anything between codes 69010 to 69086 ADP Codebook, 1996. Resource Assessment and Conservation Engineering, NMFS, Seattle, WA. N69090 Pagurus ochotensis ADP Codebook, 1996. Resource Assessment and Conservation Engineering, NMFS, Seattle, WA. N69316 Hapalogaster grebnitzkii ADP Codebook, 1996. Resource Assessment and Conservation Engineering, NMFS, Seattle, WA. N69322 Paralithodes camtschaticus ADP Codebook, 1996. Resource Assessment and Conservation Engineering, NMFS, Seattle, WA. N69400 Erimacrus isenbeckii ADP Codebook, 1996. Resource Assessment and Conservation Engineering, NMFS, Seattle, WA. N69520 Hyas spp. ADP Codebook, 1996. Resource Assessment and Conservation Engineering, NMFS, Seattle, WA. N71500 misc. gastropods (class); Includes anything between codes 71500 to 71640 ADP Codebook, 1996. Resource Assessment and Conservation Engineering, NMFS, Seattle, WA. N71700 Buccinidae (whelks); Includes anything between codes 71710 to 71769 ADP Codebook, 1996. Resource Assessment and Conservation Engineering, NMFS, Seattle, WA. N74000 misc. bivalves (class); Includes anything between codes 72806 to 74000 ADP Codebook, 1996. Resource Assessment and Conservation Engineering, NMFS, Seattle, WA. N74050 Mytilidae; Includes anything between codes 74050 to 74080 ADP Codebook, 1996. Resource Assessment and Conservation Engineering, NMFS, Seattle, WA. N74656 Cyclocardia spp.; Includes anything between codes 74655 to 74656 ADP Codebook, 1996. Resource Assessment and Conservation Engineering, NMFS, Seattle, WA. N74980 Cardiidae (cockles); Includes anything between codes 74980 to 74983 ADP Codebook, 1996. Resource Assessment and Conservation Engineering, NMFS, Seattle, WA. N75110 Mactromeris spp.; Includes anything between codes 75110 to 75111 ADP Codebook, 1996. Resource Assessment and Conservation Engineering, NMFS, Seattle, WA. N75201 Tellina spp.;Includes anything between codes 75201 to 75205 ADP Codebook, 1996. Resource Assessment and Conservation Engineering, NMFS, Seattle, WA. N75240 Macoma spp.; Includes anything between codes 75240 to 75247 ADP Codebook, 1996. Resource Assessment and Conservation Engineering, NMFS, Seattle, WA. N75264 Siliqua spp.;Includes anything between codes 75264 to 75267 ADP Codebook, 1996. Resource Assessment and Conservation Engineering, NMFS, Seattle, WA. N75284 Serripes spp.;Includes anything between codes 75285 to 75286 ADP Codebook, 1996. Resource Assessment and Conservation Engineering, NMFS, Seattle, WA. N80010 Evasterias spp.; Includes anything between codes 80015 to 80020 ADP Codebook, 1996. Resource Assessment and Conservation Engineering, NMFS, Seattle, WA. N80200 Lethasterias nanimensis ADP Codebook, 1996. Resource Assessment and Conservation Engineering, NMFS, Seattle, WA. N80595 Leptasterias spp.;Includes anything between codes 80590 to 80594 ADP Codebook, 1996. Resource Assessment and Conservation Engineering, NMFS, Seattle, WA. N81742 Asterias amurensis ADP Codebook, 1996. Resource Assessment and Conservation Engineering, NMFS, Seattle, WA. N82500 sea urchin unident.;Includes anything between codes 82500 to 82510 ADP Codebook, 1996. Resource Assessment and Conservation Engineering, NMFS, Seattle, WA. N82730 sand dollar unident. ADP Codebook, 1996. Resource Assessment and Conservation Engineering, NMFS, Seattle, WA. N83000 misc. ophiuroid;Includes anything between codes 83400 to 83400 ADP Codebook, 1996. Resource Assessment and Conservation Engineering, NMFS, Seattle, WA. N83020 Gorgonocephalus caryi ADP Codebook, 1996. Resource Assessment and Conservation Engineering, NMFS, Seattle, WA. N85200 Cucumaria spp. ADP Codebook, 1996. Resource Assessment and Conservation Engineering, NMFS, Seattle, WA. N94000 Sipuncula (phylum) ADP Codebook, 1996. Resource Assessment and Conservation Engineering, NMFS, Seattle, WA. N98000 ascidian unident. ADP Codebook, 1996. Resource Assessment and Conservation Engineering, NMFS, Seattle, WA. N98310 Aplidium spp. ADP Codebook, 1996. Resource Assessment and Conservation Engineering, NMFS, Seattle, WA. Shape_Length Length of feature in internal units. ESRI Positive real numbers that are automatically generated.