gov.noaa.nmfs.inport:35618
eng
UTF8
dataset
CSV Files
Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center
808-725-5300
1845 Wasp Blvd.
Honolulu
HI
96818
USA
http://www.pifsc.noaa.gov
WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
Website
Website for this organization
information
8:00 a.m. - 4:30 p.m.
resourceProvider
DesRochers, Annette M
(808)725-5461
1845 Wasp Blvd.
Honolulu
HI
96818
annette.desrochers@noaa.gov
8 am - 5 pm
pointOfContact
2024-02-29T00:00:00
ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata Part 2 Extensions for imagery and gridded data
ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
Pacific Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program: Towed-diver Surveys of Benthic Habitat, Key Benthic Species, including Marine Debris Sightings, of the U.S. Pacific Reefs from 2000 to 2012
RAMP: Benthic Towed-diver Surveys from 2000-2012
2016
publication
NOAA/NMFS/EDM
35618
https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/35618
WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
Full Metadata Record
View the complete metadata record on InPort for more information about this dataset.
information
Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center
808-725-5360
1845 Wasp Blvd.
Honolulu
HI
96818
pifsc.info@noaa.gov
https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov
WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center Website
Pacific Island Fisheries Science Center homepage
information
8:00 a.m. - 4:30 p.m.
originator
NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program
(301) 713-3155
1305 East West Highway 10th Floor
Silver Spring
MD
20910-3281
https://coralreef.noaa.gov
WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program Website
Link to the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program website
information
originator
https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/cred/benthic_monitoring.php
WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
Citation URL
Coral Reef Ecosystem Program website, Benthic Monitoring
download
http://www.coris.noaa.gov/monitoring/
WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
Citation URL
Information about the NOAA National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP) on the NOAA Coral Reef Information System website.
download
http://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/cred/survey_methods.php
WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
Citation URL
NOAA Coral Reef Ecosystem Program website, survey methods page, which includes a brief description of the towed-diver survey method used since 2000 to survey the benthic habitat.
download
tableDigital
The towed-diver method is used to conduct benthic surveys, assessing large-scale disturbances (e.g., bleaching) and quantifying benthic components such as habitat complexity/type and the general distribution and abundance patterns of live coral, CCA, macroalgae, and macroinvertebrates. Surveys are conducted in the Hawaiian and Mariana Archipelagos, American Samoa, and the Pacific Remote Island Areas as part of the NOAA National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP). A suitable method for assessing relatively large areas of reef habitat, the method involves towing a pair of SCUBA divers—one benthic and one fish—behind a small boat for approximately 50 min following the ~15-m depth contour and covering about 2–3 km of habitat. Each diver is equipped with a towboard and attempts to maintain a constant elevation above the surface of the reef (~1 m) for the duration of the survey. A complete towed-diver survey is divided into 10, 5-min segments, with visual observations recorded by 5-min segment.
The visual estimate data provided in this dataset were collected during towed-diver surveys which includes percentage cover of total live hard corals, stressed hard corals, soft corals, sand, coralline algae, and macroalgae, and the number of individual macroinvertebrates (crown of thorns starfish (COTS), sea urchins, and giant clams). Benthic habitat complexity and type data are also collected as part of the survey with the following habitat type categories: continuous reef, spur and groove, patch reefs, rock boulders, pavement, rubble flat, sand flats, pinnacle, and wall.
The data were collected at coral reefs across all U.S.-affiliated regions as part of the NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), Coral Reef Ecosystem Program (CREP) led missions since 2000. These data can be accessed online via the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) Ocean Archive.
The Pacific Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program (Pacific RAMP), established by the NOAA Coral Reef Ecosystem Program (CREP) and supported by NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP), is tasked with documenting and understanding the status and trends of coral reef ecosystems in the U.S. Pacific. Pacific RAMP involves interdisciplinary monitoring of oceanographic conditions and biological surveys of organisms associated with hard-bottomed habitats in the 0 - 30 m depth range. Regions are surveyed on a biennial cycle and aims to support integrated, consistent and comparable monitoring of coral reefs across all U.S.-affiliated regions.
PIFSC Coral Reef Ecosystem Program and funded by the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program
completed
Vargas-Angel, Bernardo
(808)725-5423
1845 Wasp Blvd.
Honolulu
HI
96818
bernardo.vargasangel@noaa.gov
email preferred
pointOfContact
Ferguson, Marie H
(808)725-5414
1845 Wasp Blvd.
Honolulu
HI
96818
marie.ferguson@noaa.gov
email preferred
custodian
notPlanned
https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/cred/img/towboard.jpg
A diver conducting a survey of the benthos and benthic habitat using the towed diver method.
JPG
1221
587
C204 Pacific Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program (Pacific RAMP): Biennial monitoring for the US Pacific Islands and Atolls
Pacific Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program: Monitoring coral reef ecosystems of the US Pacific Islands and Atolls
theme
CRCP Project
Numeric Data Sets > Biology
theme
CoRIS Discovery Thesaurus
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Aquatic Habitat > Reef Habitat
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Coral Mortality
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Photic Zone Corals
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment
EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs
EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs > Coral Reef Ecology > Benthic biology
EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs > Coral Reef Ecology > Coral Cover
EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs > Coral Reef Ecology > Habitats
EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs > Coral Reef Ecology > Hard Coral Cover
EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs > Coral Reef Ecology > Hard Coral Cover Dead percentage
EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs > Coral Reef Ecology > Hard Coral Cover Live percentage
EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Marine Biology > Coral
EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Marine Biology > Coral Communities
EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Marine Biology > Macroinvertebrates
EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Marine Biology > Marine Invertebrates
EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Marine Biology > Marine Invertebrates > Census
EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Marine Biology > Marine Invertebrates > Census > Macroinvertebrates
EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Marine Biology > Marine Invertebrates > Census > Population Density
EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Marine Biology > Marine Invertebrates > Macroinvertebrates
theme
CoRIS Theme Thesaurus
CORAL
DEBRIS
DEPTH - SENSOR
HABITAT - BENTHIC
MACROINVERTEBRATE CENSUS
REEF AND/OR BOTTOM REGIME - PERCENT COVER
TEMPERATURE
theme
NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS
survey
survey - biological
survey - coral reef
survey - swimmer/diver
tows
visual estimate
theme
NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS
HI'IALAKAI
OSCAR ELTON SETTE
TOWNSEND CROMWELL
theme
NODC PLATFORM NAMES THESAURUS
CORAL REEF STUDIES
Coral Reef Conservation Program
Pacific Reef and Assessment Monitoring Program
theme
NODC PROJECT NAMES THESAURUS
US DOC; NOAA; NMFS; Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center; Ecosystem Sciences Division; Coral Reef Ecosystem Program
theme
NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS
COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Hawaii > Hawaii (21N160W0000)
COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Hawaii > Hawaii Island (19N155W0003)
COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Honolulu > Oahu (21N157W0003)
COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Maui > Lanai Island (20N156W0002)
COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Maui > Maui Island (20N156W0004)
COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaiian Islands (21N157W0027)
OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands (21N157W0027)
OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > Hawaii > Hawaii (21N160W0000)
OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > Hawaii Island > Hawaii Island (19N155W0003)
OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > Lanai Island > Lanai Island (20N156W0002)
OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > Maui Island > Maui Island (20N156W0004)
OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > Oahu Island > Oahu (21N157W0003)
place
CoRIS Place Thesaurus
North Pacific Ocean
place
NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS
CRED
CREP
Coral Reef Ecosystem Division
Coral Reef Ecosystem Program
PIFSC
Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center
RAMP
Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program
TDS
Towed-diver surveys
towboard
towed diver
theme
Biennial
temporal
MHI
Main Hawaiian Islands
place
DOC/NOAA/NMFS/PIFSC > Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
dataCentre
Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords
2017-04-24
publication
8.5
Ecosystem Monitoring and Assessment
project
InPort
otherRestrictions
Cite As: Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, [Date of Access]: Pacific Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program: Towed-diver Surveys of Benthic Habitat, Key Benthic Species, including Marine Debris Sightings, of the U.S. Pacific Reefs from 2000 to 2012 [Data Date Range], https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/35618.
NOAA provides no warranty, nor accepts any liability occurring from any incomplete, incorrect, or misleading data, or from any incorrect, incomplete, or misleading use of the data. It is the responsibility of the user to determine whether or not the data is suitable for the intended purpose.
otherRestrictions
Access Constraints: None
otherRestrictions
Use Constraints: Please cite NOAA Coral Reef Ecosystem Program (CREP) when using the data.
Suggested citation:
Coral Reef Ecosystem Program; Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (2016). Pacific Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program: Towed-diver Surveys of Benthic Habitat, Key Benthic Species, including Marine Debris Sightings, of the U.S. Pacific Reefs from 2000 to 2012. NOAA's National Center for Environmental Information, https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/35618.
otherRestrictions
Distribution Liability: While every effort has been made to ensure that these data are accurate and reliable within the limits of the current state of the art, NOAA cannot assume liability for any damages caused by errors or omissions in the data, nor as a result of the failure of the data to function on a particular system. NOAA makes no warranty, expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty.
unclassified
Not applicable
Not applicable
National Coral Reef Monitoring Program: Towed-diver Surveys of Benthic Habitat, Key Benthic Species, and Marine Debris Sightings of American Samoa in 2015
NOAA/NMFS/EDM
35768
crossReference
National Coral Reef Monitoring Program: Towed-diver Surveys of Benthic Habitat, Key Benthic Species, and Marine Debris Sightings of the Hawaiian Archipelago in 2016
NOAA/NMFS/EDM
35767
crossReference
National Coral Reef Monitoring Program: Towed-diver Surveys of Benthic Habitat, Key Benthic Species, and Marine Debris Sightings of the Marianas since 2014
NOAA/NMFS/EDM
35769
crossReference
National Coral Reef Monitoring Program: Towed-diver Surveys of Benthic Habitat, Key Benthic Species, and Marine Debris Sightings of the Pacific Remote Island Areas since 2014
NOAA/NMFS/EDM
5567
crossReference
NOAA Data Management Plan (DMP)
NOAA/NMFS/EDM
35618
https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inportserve/waf/noaa/nmfs/pifsc/dmp/pdf/35618.pdf
WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
NOAA Data Management Plan (DMP)
NOAA Data Management Plan for this record on InPort.
information
crossReference
eng; US
biota
PIFSC Oracle database view: VS_BENT_TDS
The latitude and longitude coordinates of the survey track are recorded using a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver on-board the tow boat. The survey track is georeferenced and a layback model is applied (python script in ESRI ArcGIS for Desktop) that more accurately maps the positions of the recorded observations.
Hawaiian Archipelago including the main and Northwestern Hawaiian Islands.
-160.54516804
-154.83979027
18.90836853
22.23705898
Main Hawaiian Islands (MHI), including Hawaii, Kauai, Kaula, Lanai, Maui, Molokai, Niihau, and Oahu
-178.38542228
-161.91509543
23.05548364
28.45872797
Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI), including French Frigate, Gardner, Kure, Laysan, Lisianski, Maro, Midway, Necker, Nihoa, Pearl & Hermes, and Raita
| Currentness: Ground Condition
2005-07-14
2005-08-06
| Currentness: Ground Condition
2006-07-27
2006-08-19
| Currentness: Ground Condition
2008-10-17
2008-11-13
| Currentness: Ground Condition
2008-12-09
2008-12-10
| Currentness: Ground Condition
2010-10-08
2010-11-04
| Currentness: Ground Condition
2000-09-09
2000-10-05
| Currentness: Ground Condition
2001-09-13
2001-09-25
| Currentness: Ground Condition
2002-12-03
2002-12-06
| Currentness: Ground Condition
2002-09-11
2002-10-04
| Currentness: Ground Condition
2003-07-14
2003-08-08
| Currentness: Ground Condition
2004-09-16
2004-10-11
| Currentness: Ground Condition
2006-09-03
2006-10-01
| Currentness: Ground Condition
2008-09-14
2008-10-09
| Currentness: Ground Condition
2010-09-07
2010-09-24
American Samoa
-171.09273053
-168.13673589
-14.91052889
-11.04527083
American Samoa including Tutuila, Manu'a (Ofo, Olosega, and Ta'u), Rose Atoll, South Bank, and Swains.
| Currentness: Ground Condition
2002-02-09
2002-03-03
| Currentness: Ground Condition
2004-02-04
2004-02-25
| Currentness: Ground Condition
2006-02-11
2006-03-09
| Currentness: Ground Condition
2008-02-18
2008-03-18
| Currentness: Ground Condition
2010-02-23
2010-03-20
| Currentness: Ground Condition
2012-03-21
2012-04-25
Pacific Remote Island Areas (PRIA)
166.59345657
166.66057
19.26696409
19.32606047
Wake Island, one of the seven PRIA, is routinely surveyed as part of the Mariana Archipelago RAMP (MARAMP) missions.
-176.6269294
-159.97143455
-0.38304574
16.78843124
Phoenix (Baker and Howland) and Line Islands (Jarvis, Kingman, and Palmyra), and Johnston Atoll. These six of the seven PRIA are routinely surveyed as part of the American Samoa RAMP (ASRAMP) missions (Johnston, Baker and Howland during the first leg of ASRAMP, and Jarvis, Kingman, and Palmyra during the last leg of ASRAMP).
| Currentness: Ground Condition
2005-10-18
2005-10-21
| Currentness: Ground Condition
2007-04-30
2007-05-03
| Currentness: Ground Condition
2009-03-22
2009-03-26
| Currentness: Ground Condition
2011-03-23
2011-03-27
| Currentness: Ground Condition
2001-02-07
2001-02-23
| Currentness: Ground Condition
2002-01-29
2002-02-01
| Currentness: Ground Condition
2004-01-12
2004-01-24
| Currentness: Ground Condition
2004-03-26
2004-04-04
| Currentness: Ground Condition
2006-01-18
2006-02-01
| Currentness: Ground Condition
2006-03-20
2006-04-02
| Currentness: Ground Condition
2008-01-27
2008-02-09
| Currentness: Ground Condition
2008-03-26
2008-04-07
| Currentness: Ground Condition
2002-03-10
2002-03-19
| Currentness: Ground Condition
2010-01-24
2010-02-08
| Currentness: Ground Condition
2010-04-01
2010-04-17
| Currentness: Ground Condition
2012-03-02
2012-03-16
| Currentness: Ground Condition
2012-05-03
2012-05-19
Mariana Archipelago
142.43575067
145.85367032
12.80619352
20.55415502
Mariana Archipelago including Guam, Rota, Tinian, Aguijan, Saipan, Sarigan, Guguan, Alamagan, Pagan, Agrihan, Asuncion, Maug, Farallon de Pajaros, Anatahan, Arakane, Pathfinder, Santa Rosa, Stingray, Supply, and Tatsumi.
| Currentness: Ground Condition
2003-08-22
2003-09-28
| Currentness: Ground Condition
2005-09-04
2005-09-30
| Currentness: Ground Condition
2005-10-03
2005-10-08
| Currentness: Ground Condition
2007-05-12
2007-05-22
| Currentness: Ground Condition
2007-05-25
2007-06-08
| Currentness: Ground Condition
2009-04-03
2009-04-14
| Currentness: Ground Condition
2009-04-15
2009-05-05
| Currentness: Ground Condition
2011-04-07
2011-05-09
false
eng
false
Data View
View: VS_BENT_TDS
2017-06-27
publication
CSV - Comma Separated Values (Text)
National Centers for Environmental Information - Silver Spring, Maryland
(301) 713-3277
NOAA/NESDIS E/OC SSMC3, 4th Floor, 1351 East-West Highway
Silver Spring
MD
20910-3282
distributor
https://accession.nodc.noaa.gov/0163745
WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
VS_BENT_TDS 2000-2012.csv
Observations from towed-diver surveys of the benthic habitat conducted across the Pacific Islands Region by the PIFSC Ecosystem Sciences Division from 2000 to 2012.
download
dataset
Accuracy
Observations during each tow were made by trained divers. The visual variation throughout the tow may change drastically as well as current and surface conditions for the support vessel impacting the preferred depth contour and accompanying track lines.
Analytical Accuracy
The different benthic elements and macroinvertebrate taxa are recorded as percentage cover. Note that the total percentage cover will not add up to 100%, as all possible benthic categories are not included.
From 2000 to 2004, benthic cover estimates are recorded to the nearest percentage and macroinvertebrate estimates are individual counts.
In 2004 (BIN_A), benthic cover and macroinvertebrate categories and the corresponding percentage range bins are as follows:
Category 1: 0 %
Category 2: 0 - 1 %
Category 3: 1 - 5 %
Category 4: 5 - 10 %
Category 5: 10 - 25 %
Category 6: 25 - 50 %
Category 7: 50 - 75 %
Category 8: 75 - 100 %
From 2004 to 2012 (BIN_B), benthic cover and macroinvertebrate categories and the corresponding percentage range bins are as follows:
Category 1: 0.1 - 1 %
Category 2: 1.1 - 5 %
Category 3: 5.1 - 10 %
Category 4: 10.1 - 20 %
Category 5: 20.1 - 30 %
Category 6: 30.1 - 40 %
Category 7: 40.1 - 50 %
Category 8: 50.1 – 62.5 %
Category 9: 62.5 – 75 %
Category 10: 75.1 – 100 %
The following is a summary of the changes in benthic cover and macroinvertebrate categories, respectively:
2000 (Perc_a) – live hard coral, dead coral, algae, sand, hard bottom/rock ; lobster, COTs, urchins
2001 (Perc_b) - live hard coral, dead coral, rubble, carbonate pavement, algae (coralline and fleshy), sand (fine, medium, coarse), hard bottom/rock (cobble, boulder, basalt pavement); lobster, COTs, urchins (boring, free), Holothurian, Asteroid
2002 (Perc_d) - hard coral (live, dead, rubble, carbonate pavement), algae (coralline and fleshy), sand (fine, medium, coarse), hard bottom/rock (cobble, boulder, basalt pavement); lobster, COTs, urchins (boring, free), Holothurian, giant clams
2002 (Perc_c) – hard coral (live, stressed, bleached, dead, rubble, carbonate pavement), algae (coralline and fleshy), sand (fine, medium, coarse), hard bottom/rock (cobble, boulder, basalt pavement); lobster/octopus, COTs, urchins (boring, free), sea cucumbers, pearl oyster
2003 to 2004 (Perc_c) - hard coral (normal, pale, white, recently dead), pavement (covered with: bare, fleshy algae, calcareous algae), rubble (covered with: bare, fleshy algae, calcareous algae), sand (fine: bare or with fleshy algae, medium: bare or with fleshy algae, coarse: bare or with fleshy algae), hard bottom/rock (covered with: bare, fleshy algae, calcareous algae); lobster/octopus, COTs, urchins (boring, free), sea cucumbers, pearl oyster, giant clams
2004 (BIN_A) - hard coral (live, stressed, dead), macroalgae, coralline algae; lobster/octopus, COTs, urchins (boring, free), sea cucumbers
2005 to 2012 (BIN_B) - hard coral (live, stressed/bleached), soft coral, sand, rubble, macroalgae, coralline algae; COTs, urchins, sea cucumbers, giant clams
Habitat complexity data is based on a six-point subjective assessment of topographical diversity and complexity of the benthic habitat. Classified according to 1 of 6 categories: low (L), medium-low (ML), medium (M), medium-high (MH), high (H), and very high (VH). Habitat type is recorded as dominant, abundant, common, occasional, rare (DACOR) from 2001 to 2002 and from 2003 to 2012 only the dominant habitat type is recorded.
The following is a summary of the changes in habitat categories:
2000 – not recorded
2001 - spur and groove, flats, patch reef, linear/reticulate reef, pinnacle, canyon, channel or pass, cave, hole or pool, artificial structure
2002 - spur and groove, patch reef, linear/aggregate reef, scattered coral in sand
2003 to 2012 - continuous reef, spur and groove, patch reef, pavement, sand flat, rubble flat, bedrock, rock boulders
Completeness Report
The towed-diver surveys are completed in forereef, backreef, and lagoon habitats. Considering that the towed-divers are covering ~200 m during each 5-min time frame of a 50-minute survey, benthic coverage calculations are broad estimates. These data can be used to see large differences but can not be process to a fine scale.
Conceptual Consistency
The same methods of data collection are used during each tow. Regular examination and comparisons of the data are conducted throughout each mission to check for diver bias or other discrepancies.
The data is captured on physical data sheets by each diver, then transferred to a MS Access database on the ship. At the conclusion of the cruise, the data is migrated to the PIFSC Oracle database, where there are several database views used to analyze the data.
A pair of scuba divers is towed about 1 m above the reef roughly 60 m behind a small boat at a constant speed of about 1.5 knots. One diver quantifies fish populations, and the other diver quantifies the benthos. Each diver maneuvers their own towboard. Towboards are connected to the small boat by a bridle and towline and outfitted with various survey equipment, including a video camera on the fish towboard. The benthic diver records percentage cover of total live hard corals, stressed hard corals, soft corals, sand, coralline algae, and macroalgae, and the number of individual macroinvertebrates (crown of thorns starfish (COTS), sea urchins, and giant clams) as well as benthic habitat complexity and type data.
A towed survey is typically 50 min long and covers about 2 km of habitat. Each survey is divided into 5-min segments, with data recorded separately per segment to allow for georeferencing of observations within the ~200 m covered during each segment. Throughout a survey, the latitude and longitude of its survey track are recorded at 5-s intervals on the small boat with a global positioning system (GPS). Following a survey, diver tracks are generated using this GPS data and a layback algorithm to account for position of the diver relative to the small boat.
Ferguson, Marie H
(808)725-5414
marie.ferguson@noaa.gov
processor
otherRestrictions
otherRestrictions
Access Constraints: None | Use Constraints: None