36740 Kure bomb radiocarbon Data Set Published / External 74891 Life History Estimates Project Completed 2016 Corals of the Hawaiian Archipelago are well situated in the North Pacific Gyre (NPG) to record how bomb-produced radiocarbon (14C) has been sequestered and transported by the sea. While this signal can be traced accurately through time in reef-building corals and used to infer oceanographic processes and determine the ages of marine organisms, a comprehensive and validated record has been lacking for the Hawaiian Archipelago. In this study, a coral core from Kure Atoll in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands was used to create a high-resolution bomb 14C record for the years 1939–2002, and was then used with other 14C measurements in fish otoliths and seawater to explore differences and similarities in the bomb 14C signal throughout the Hawaiian Archipelago. The Kure Atoll sample series produced a well-defined bomb 14C curve that, with some exceptions, was similar to other coral 14C records from the Hawaiian Archipelago. Subtle differences in the coral 14C records across the region may be explained by the large-scale ocean circulation patterns and decadal cycles of the NPG. The most rapid increase of 14C, in the 1950s and 1960s, showed similar timing across the Hawaiian Archipelago and provides a robust basis for use of bomb 14C dating to obtain high precision age determinations of marine organisms. Reference otoliths of juvenile fish demonstrated the use of the post-peak 14C decline period as a viable reference in the age validation of younger and more recently collected fishes, and effectively extended the utility of bomb 14C dating to the latest 30 years. Establish a comprehensive bomb radiocarbon reference for use in age validation of regional marine organisms and to explain the oceanographic propagation of the signal through the North Pacific Ocean. Data set also available via the NOAA Climatic Data Center Kure Atoll, Hawaiian Archipelago Radiocarbon Data from 1939-2002 AD https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cdo/f?p=519:1:::::P1_STUDY_ID:21192 Publication: Andrews, A.H., D. Siciliano, D.C. Potts, E.E. DeMartini, and S. Covarrubias. 2016. Bomb radiocarbon and the Hawaiian Archipelago: Coral, otoliths and seawater. Radiocarbon 58(3): 531-548 (dx.doi.org/10.1017/RDC.2016.32) Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center Honolulu HI USA Data Set Excel and SAS Dataset None Planned Document (digital) Accelerator Mass Spectrometer NA Coring device 46903 KURE_CORAL_DATA Published / External Completed Carbon isotope (D14C) data for years 1939-2002 from a Porites evermanni coral core collected from the backreef of Kure Atoll at depths from 2-4 m. Data Table Yes Carbon isotope (D14C) data for years 1939-2002 from a Porites evermanni coral core collected from the backreef of Kure Atoll at depths from 2-4 m. 1 ID Character 22 No No Active Sample ID, corals, calcium carbonate. Character 2 AGE_AD Number 22 No No Active Date of formation, AD. Number 3 FRACMOD Number 22 No No Active Fraction Modern, ratio of 14C/12C. Number 4 D14CCORR Number 22 No No Active Delta14c, parts per million, date/time-corrected. Number 5 D14CCORR_ERR Number 22 No No Active Delta14c, error, parts per million. Number Data Steward 2019-04-01 2023-05 Person O'Malley, Joseph M joseph.omalley@noaa.gov 1845 Wasp Blvd. Honolulu HI 96818 USA (808)725-5741 Contact via email Data Steward 2016 2018-09 Person Boggs, Christofer H christofer.boggs@noaa.gov 1845 Wasp Blvd. Honolulu HI 96818 USA (808)725-5364 Distributor 2016 Organization Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center PIFSC pifsc.info@noaa.gov https://ror.org/02apffz65 1845 Wasp Blvd. Honolulu HI 96818 USA 808-725-5360 https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov Pacific Island Fisheries Science Center homepage Online Resource 8:00 a.m. - 4:30 p.m. Metadata Contact 2019-04-01 2023-05 Person O'Malley, Joseph M joseph.omalley@noaa.gov 1845 Wasp Blvd. Honolulu HI 96818 USA (808)725-5741 Contact via email Metadata Contact 2016 2019-03-31 Person Andrews, Allen H allen.andrews@noaa.gov https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9001-8305 1845 Wasp Blvd. Honolulu HI 96818 USA (808)725-5373 Point of Contact 2023-08 Person Schemmel, Eva M eva.schemmel@noaa.gov Contact via email. Point of Contact 2019-04-01 2023-05 Person O'Malley, Joseph M joseph.omalley@noaa.gov 1845 Wasp Blvd. Honolulu HI 96818 USA (808)725-5741 Contact via email Point of Contact 2016 2019-03-31 Person Andrews, Allen H allen.andrews@noaa.gov https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9001-8305 1845 Wasp Blvd. Honolulu HI 96818 USA (808)725-5373 Publication Date Kure Atoll, Hawaiian Islands Range 1939 2002 Validated timeline for the coral core radiocarbon record using Sr/Ca as a proxy for seasonal/annual temperature changes. Unclassified NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo-search/study/21192 Kure Atoll 14C Data Further QC after data entry. Yes Unknown No No NCDC None Other None PIFSC ITS performs scheduled back-ups. See publication: Andrews, A.H., D. Siciliano, D.C. Potts, E.E. DeMartini, and S. Covarrubias. 2016. Bomb radiocarbon and the Hawaiian Archipelago: Coral, otoliths and seawater. Radiocarbon 58(3): 531-548 (dx.doi.org/10.1017/RDC.2016.32) 46903 Entity gov.noaa.nmfs.inport:36740 Allen Andrews 2017-02-10T14:20:00 SysAdmin InPortAdmin 2026-03-04T19:17:18 2025-02-13 Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center PIFSC 1845 Wasp Blvd. Honolulu HI 96818 USA 808-725-5300 https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov 8:00 a.m. - 4:30 p.m. 1001 Public No No 2019-07-23 1 Year 2020-07-23