36788
NOAA/NSF ECOHAB Heterosigma CTD
NOAA/NSF ECOHAB Heterosigma CTD
Entity
Published / External
17794
Oceanographic and physiological parameters relating to Heterosigma akashiwo in Puget Sound - The Ecophysiology and Toxicity of Heterosigma akashiwo in Puget Sound: A Living Laboratory Ecosystem Approach
Data Set
Planned
Over one half of the worlds fish production for human consumption currently comes from aquaculture, while wild fisheries yields are either stable or declining. Recurring threats from the raphidophyte, Heterosigma akashiwo Hada (Sournia) have caused extensive damage ($2-6 million per episode) to wild and net-penned fish of Puget Sound, Washington, and are believed to be increasing in scope and magnitude in this region, and elsewhere in the world over the past two decades. The mechanism of H. akashiwo toxicity is not well understood. The toxic activity of H. akashiwo has been attributed to the production of reactive oxygen species, brevetoxin-like compound(s), excessive mucus, or hemolytic activity; however these mechanisms are not confirmed consistently in all fish-killing events or cultured strains. The difficulty of conducting research with active, toxin-producing field populations of H. akashiwo have resulted in conflicting findings from those obtained in lab culture studies, thereby limiting the ability of fish farmers to respond to these episodic blooms. Collaborators in this project are: Vera Trainer (NWFSC), William Cochlan (San Francisco State University), Charles Trick (University of Western Ontario), and Mark Wells (University of Maine). The overall goal of this project is to identify the primary toxic element and the specific environmental factors that stimulate fish-killing H. akashiwo blooms, and thereby provide managers with the fundamental tools needed to help reduce the frequency and toxic magnitude of these harmful algal events. Studies to date have provided incomplete and conflicting observations on the mode of toxicity and the environmental stimulation of toxification. We propose a three-pronged approach to study the environmental controls of H. akashiwo growth and toxin production; laboratory culture experiments, field observations, and bottle and mesocosm manipulation experiments.The project objectives are to: 1. identify the element(s) of toxic activity (inorganic, organic, or synergistic) associated with blooms of H. akashiwo and the various cellular morphologies of this alga, 2. determine the environmental parameters that stimulate the growth success and expression of cell toxicity in the H. akashiwo populations of Puget Sound. Because previous studies have used H. akashiwo cultures with little or no toxic activity, our approach is to use a living laboratory to study H. akashiwo bloom ecology and toxicity using natural assemblages. Using a mobile lab at field sites where H. akashiwo cells are regularly found will enable us to fully characterize the toxic element(s) responsible for fish mortality, and the environmental factors influencing toxicity. Findings from annual field studies in June and two rapid response deployments during major bloom events will be confirmed using laboratory studies with fresh ( 6 mo. old) isolates. The expected results are: 1. determination of the key elements of toxicity of H. akashiwo, 2. characterization of the environmental variables that influence either the induction or depression of elements of toxic activity in H. akashiwo, 3. characterization of environmentally-induced metabolites corresponding to condition of toxin production (metabolomics) and 4. design of a strategy for realistic mitigation of H. akashiwo activities in Puget Sound, Washington. This is a stand-alone project funded for 3 years through the NOAA/NSF ECOHAB program.
Spreadsheet
Yes
PARR
Over one half of the worlds fish production for human consumption currently comes from aquaculture, while wild fisheries yields are either stable or declining. Recurring threats from the raphidophyte, Heterosigma akashiwo Hada (Sournia) have caused extensive damage ($2-6 million per episode) to wild and net-penned fish of Puget Sound, Washington, and are believed to be increasing in scope and magnitude in this region, and elsewhere in the world over the past two decades. The mechanism of H. akashiwo toxicity is not well understood. The toxic activity of H. akashiwo has been attributed to the production of reactive oxygen species, brevetoxin-like compound(s), excessive mucus, or hemolytic activity; however these mechanisms are not confirmed consistently in all fish-killing events or cultured strains. The difficulty of conducting research with active, toxin-producing field populations of H. akashiwo have resulted in conflicting findings from those obtained in lab culture studies, thereby limiting the ability of fish farmers to respond to these episodic blooms. Collaborators in this project are: Vera Trainer (NWFSC), William Cochlan (San Francisco State University), Charles Trick (University of Western Ontario), and Mark Wells (University of Maine). The overall goal of this project is to identify the primary toxic element and the specific environmental factors that stimulate fish-killing H. akashiwo blooms, and thereby provide managers with the fundamental tools needed to help reduce the frequency and toxic magnitude of these harmful algal events. Studies to date have provided incomplete and conflicting observations on the mode of toxicity and the environmental stimulation of toxification. We propose a three-pronged approach to study the environmental controls of H. akashiwo growth and toxin production; laboratory culture experiments, field observations, and bottle and mesocosm manipulation experiments.The project objectives are to: 1. identify the element(s) of toxic activity (inorganic, organic, or synergistic) associated with blooms of H. akashiwo and the various cellular morphologies of this alga, 2. determine the environmental parameters that stimulate the growth success and expression of cell toxicity in the H. akashiwo populations of Puget Sound. Because previous studies have used H. akashiwo cultures with little or no toxic activity, our approach is to use a living laboratory to study H. akashiwo bloom ecology and toxicity using natural assemblages. Using a mobile lab at field sites where H. akashiwo cells are regularly found will enable us to fully characterize the toxic element(s) responsible for fish mortality, and the environmental factors influencing toxicity. Findings from annual field studies in June and two rapid response deployments during major bloom events will be confirmed using laboratory studies with fresh ( 6 mo. old) isolates. The expected results are: 1. determination of the key elements of toxicity of H. akashiwo, 2. characterization of the environmental variables that influence either the induction or depression of elements of toxic activity in H. akashiwo, 3. characterization of environmentally-induced metabolites corresponding to condition of toxin production (metabolomics) and 4. design of a strategy for realistic mitigation of H. akashiwo activities in Puget Sound, Washington. This is a stand-alone project funded for 3 years through the NOAA/NSF ECOHAB program.
1
Event
VARCHAR2
No
No
Active
The name of the individual cruise or event in which samples were collected for the overall project.
VARCHAR2
As provided
2
Event start date
DATE
No
No
Active
The date on which the individual cruise or event began (local time).
DATE
mm/dd/yyyy
As provided
3
Event end date
DATE
No
No
Active
The date on which the individual cruise or event ended (local time).
DATE
mm/dd/yyyy
As provided
4
Station
VARCHAR2
No
No
Active
The name or identification number of a given station at which samples were collected.
VARCHAR2
As provided
5
Sampling Date
DATE
No
No
Active
The date (local time) on which as sample was collected.
DATE
mm/dd/yyyy
As provided
6
Sampling Start Time
DATE
No
No
Active
The time (local time) on the date in which a sample began to be collected.
DATE
mm/dd/yyyy hh24:mi
As provided
7
Sampling End Time
DATE
No
No
Active
The time (local time) on the date in which a sample was finished being collected.
DATE
mm/dd/yyyy hh24:mi
As provided
8
Latitude
NUMBER
No
No
Active
The latitude of the sampling station in decmal degrees. Units for values are decimal degrees.
NUMBER
decimal degrees
As provided
9
Longitude
NUMBER
No
No
Active
The longitude of the sampling station in decimal degrees. Units for values are decimal degrees.
NUMBER
decimal degrees
As provided
10
Station Depth (m)
NUMBER
No
No
Active
The water depth at a given station. Units for values are meters.
NUMBER
meters
As provided
11
CastNum
NUMBER
No
No
Active
The number of the CTD cast performed on a specific date.
NUMBER
As provided
12
Depth(m)
NUMBER
No
No
Active
The depth at which the data were collected. Units for values are meters.
NUMBER
meters
As provided
13
Pr(db)
NUMBER
No
No
Active
The pressure reading at which the data were collected. Units for values are decibars.
NUMBER
decibars
As provided
14
dm
NUMBER
No
No
Active
A relative measurement of the depth at which the samples were collected using a specified reference depth. Units for values are meters.
NUMBER
meters
As provided
15
scans
NUMBER
No
No
Active
The number of data scans that were averaged to determine the data value for a given depth bin.
NUMBER
As provided
16
FL
NUMBER
No
No
Active
The fluorescence reading from the chlorophyll fluourometer. Units for values are volts.
NUMBER
volts
0-5
17
Calib_Chl_a
NUMBER
No
No
Active
Chlorophyll a values determined using the equation of a line derived from a regression of extracted chlorphyll a analyses and fluorometer voltage.
NUMBER
less than the limit of detection to the measured value
18
T
NUMBER
No
No
Active
Water temperature. Units for values are degrees celsius.
NUMBER
degrees celsius
zero to measured value
19
S
NUMBER
No
No
Active
Seawater salinity. Units for values are unitless.
NUMBER
unitless
zero to measured value
20
Cond
NUMBER
No
No
Active
Seawater conductivity. Units for values are microsiemens per centimeter.
NUMBER
microsiemens per centimeter
zero to measured value
21
ST
NUMBER
No
No
Active
Seawater density. Units for values are Sigma-t units_kilograms per cubic meter.
NUMBER
Sigma-t units_kilograms per cubic meter
zero to measured value
gov.noaa.nmfs.inport:36788
Jeffrey Cowen
2017-02-13T16:57:38
SysAdmin InPortAdmin
2022-08-09T17:11:17
2018-02-27
Northwest Fisheries Science Center
NWFSC
2725 Montlake Boulevard East
Seattle
WA
98112
USA
206-860-3200
http://www.nwfsc.noaa.gov
1001
Public
No
2018-02-27
1 Year
2019-02-27