38758 KB1_metadata Data Set Published / External 37215 NSandT Project Completed 2008-04-25 This study was based on the sediment quality triad (SQT) approach. A stratified probabilistic sampling design was utilized to characterize the Kachemak Bay system in terms of chemical contamination, sediment toxicity and benthic infaunal community structure. The purpose was to define the extent and magnitude of toxicity and other biological effects associated with contaminants in the Kachemak Bay system. Five strata (Homer harbor, Western intertidal, Western subtidal, Eastern intertidal, and Eastern subtidal) were established in the shallow (less than 10 fathoms) northern area of the bay. Sediment samples were collected at multiple stations in each strata. A broad suite of sediment contaminants were analyzed at each station, including polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), chlorinated pesticides including DDT and its metabolites, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), trace elements, and butyl-tins Other parameters included grain size analysis, total organic/inorganic carbon (TOC/TIC), and percent solids. Characterization of infaunal assemblages and the abundance of organisms present in sediments provide additional information to help determine areas of degraded sediments. Whole sediment toxicity bioassays with two species of amphipod were conducted to test for overt contaminant toxicity. This project provides invaluable baseline data on sediment infauna species richness, chemical contamination and toxicity that is georeferenced and posted on the internet through the NOAA's National Status and Trends data portal. Specific objectives of the study were to: 1. Describe the concentrations and spatial distribution of contaminants in the Kachemak Bay estuary; 2. Characterize benthic macroinvertebrate community in terms of species richness, abundance, and characteristics of the benthic infaunal community in Kachemak Bay; 3. Describe the incidence, severity and spatial extent of toxicity in Kachemak Bay; 4. Describe the study results in relation to known or suspected sources of contamination; 5. Describe statistical relationships between levels of contaminants and adverse biological effects, and identify chemicals of concern in terms of regional environmental quality and adverse biological effects; 6. Compare environmental conditions within sub-areas of Kachemak Bay and compare estimates of toxicity in Kachemak Bay with those in other estuaries based on comparable data. The dataset objective is to report information about chemical residues in sediment, sediment toxicity, and benthic infauna characteristics of the system. 992 PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS - S. Ian Hartwell, NOAA Ocean Service, National Status and Trends Program; Dennis Apeti, NOAA Ocean Service, National Status and Trends Program; Kimani Kimbrough, NOAA Ocean Service, National Status and Trends Program; W. Edward Johnson, NOAA Ocean Service, National Status and Trends Program; SAMPLE COLLECTION INVESTIGATORS - Ian Hartwell, NOAA Ocean Service, National Status and Trends Program; Kimani Kimbrough, NOAA Ocean Service, National Status and Trends Program; W. Edward Johnson, NOAA Ocean Service, National Status and Trends Program; SAMPLE PROCESSING INVESTIGATORS - Contaminant analyses: Organic and inorganic chemicals in sediment: TDI Brooks Inc., College Station, TX SAMPLE PROCESSING INVESTIGATORS - Sediment physico-characteristics Grain size and total organic content: TDI Brooks Inc., College Station, TX SAMPLE PROCESSING INVESTIGATORS - Benthos taxonomy: Allan Fukuyama, FHT Environmental, Edmonds, WA. 98026 SAMPLE PROCESSING INVESTIGATORS - Toxicity and Bioassays: Dan Johnson, TRAC Laboratories, Inc. Pensacola, FL. 32507 Theme ISO 19115 Topic Category biota Theme ISO 19115 Topic Category environment Theme NOS Data Explorer Topic Category Environmental Monitoring Theme NCCOS Research Data Type > Field Observation Theme NCCOS Research Priority > Long-term Monitoring Theme NCCOS Research Priority > Stressors, Impacts, Mitigation, and Restoration (SIMR) Theme NCCOS Research Topic > Bioeffects/Toxicity Theme NCCOS Research Topic > Chemical Contaminants Theme NCCOS Research Topic > Monitoring Theme PAH Theme PCB Theme Site Theme TBT Theme amphipod Theme analytes Theme benthic Theme bioassay Theme butyltins Theme chemical Theme contaminants Theme date Theme estuary Theme infauna Theme inorganic Theme latitude Theme location Theme longitude Theme organic Theme organochlorines Theme parameter Theme pesticides Theme polychlorinated biphenyls Theme polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons Theme region Theme sediment Theme state Theme station Theme toxicity Spatial Alaska Spatial Kachemak Bay Spatial NCCOS Research Location > Geographic Area > Coastal Ocean Spatial NCCOS Research Location > Region > Alaska Spatial NCCOS Research Location > U.S. States and Territories > Alaska National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science Silver Spring MD Data Set None Planned The dataset is composed of three relational files each listed below. The "SITES" data file reports information regarding the planned sampling locations and the actual locations. The geographical information provided for a sampling site (the estuary stratum and site) is useful when interpreting the results of other data files. Link for the SITES data http://ccma.nos.noaa.gov/about/coast/nsandt/download.aspx The "FIELD" data file reports measurements made in the field while on station. This includes water column data such as temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and specific conductance. Link for the FIELD data dictionary http://ccma.nos.noaa.gov/about/coast/nsandt/download.aspx The "INDICATOR" data file reports the results of analyses for chemical/microbial analytes, sediment toxicity bioassays and biomarkers, and benthic community indices. Link for the INDICATOR data dictionary http://ccma.nos.noaa.gov/about/coast/nsandt/download.aspx NOAA National Status and Trends Program These data were prepared by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, make any warranty, expressed or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed in this report, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference therein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. Any views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. Although all data have been used by NOAA, no warranty, expressed or implied, is made by NOAA as to the accuracy of the data and/or related materials. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by NOAA in the use of these data or related materials. The partners in the Kachemak Bay Estuary Project were: (1) National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); (2) Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve (KBNERR), (3) Cook Inlet Regional Citizens Advisory Council (CIRCAC). The National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) was responsible for collection, final assembly and review of all data. Data Steward 2008-04-25 Position NCCOS Scientific Data Coordinator NCCOS.data@noaa.gov Distributor 2008-04-25 Position NCCOS Scientific Data Coordinator NCCOS.data@noaa.gov Metadata Contact 2008-04-25 Position NCCOS Scientific Data Coordinator NCCOS.data@noaa.gov Point of Contact 2008-04-25 Position NCCOS Scientific Data Coordinator NCCOS.data@noaa.gov Principal Investigator 2008-04-25 Person Piniak, Greg greg.piniak@noaa.gov Ground Condition -151.4802 -150.9416 59.9416 59.6324 Discrete 2007 Unclassified None NOAA requests that all individuals who download NOAA data acknowledge the source of these data in any reports, papers, or presentations. If you publish these data, please include a statement similar to: "Some or all of the data described in this article were produced by the NOAA's Ocean Service through its National Status and Trends Program (NSandT)" https://products.coastalscience.noaa.gov/collections/ltmonitoring/nsandt/default.aspx Live Data and Maps txt Text (Unstructured) https://products.coastalscience.noaa.gov/collections/ltmonitoring/nsandt/default.aspx Live Data and Maps xml XML (Structured Text) https://coastalscience.noaa.gov/projects/detail?key=235 Online Resource https://products.coastalscience.noaa.gov/collections/ltmonitoring/nsandt/default.aspx Online Resource 2016-11-16 Date that the source FGDC record was last modified. 2017-04-05 Converted from Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (version FGDC-STD-001-1998) using 'fgdc_to_inport_xml.pl' script. Contact Tyler Christensen (NOS) for details. MEASUREMENT QUALITY OBJECTIVESSite location - Sampling sites were located by GPS with a manufacturer reported position accuracy of better than 3 meters in DGPS mode. Coordinates are expressed in units to the nearest 0.0001 decimal degrees. An acceptable tolerance goal for siting was that the sampling location be established within 0.2nm (+/- 120ft) of the given coordinates. In the event the vessel could not navigate to the site (i.e., too shallow) or the bottom type was not appropriate (i.e., rock or shellfish bed) then the first alternate site was substituted. In the event the first alternate could not be sampled then the second alternate site was sampled. Organic and Inorganic Contaminants - The measurement quality objectives of the Kachemak Bay Project specify accuracy and precision requirements of 30% for organic analytes and 15% for inorganic analytes in sediment samples. Water column measurements - Water column monitoring instrumentation was calibrated based on manufacturer's recommendations (YSI Corporation). Depth was recorded from the vessel fathometer.Benthic taxonomy-The minimum acceptable sorting efficiency was 95%. The minimum acceptable taxonomic efficiency was 95%. ACTUAL MEASUREMENT QUALITY - Water column measurements: Fields are arranged as follows: Measurement; Units; Expressed to Nearest.DO; mg/L; 0.1. Salinity; ppt; 0.01. Specific Conductance; mS/cm; 1. Depth; Meters; 0.5. Temperature, C, 0.1.Secchi depth; feet; 1.0. Data are believed to be complete All chemical contaminant values have been rounded to three significant digits. To accommodate the wide range of values, all concentration values have been formatted to the thousandth unit (0.001). The actual precision is as listed below. Metals, variable ug/g; Butlytins 0.01 ng Sn/g; PAHs 0.1 ng/g; PCBs 0.01 ng/g; Pesticides 0.01 ng/g. DATA QUALITY ASSURANCE PROCEDURES Site location - Handheld GPS units were compared daily with vessel GPS units. Organic and Inorganic Contaminants - QA procedures include blanks, spiked samples, and standard reference materials with each batch of samples. Any batch failing to meet the specifications presented in the "Measurement Quality Objectives" section would be reanalyzed or rejected. Contact NSandT staff for additional information on the Quality Assurance Project Plan Water column measurements - fields are arranged as follows: Indicator; QA sample type or measurement; Data generated for measurement quality. DO; Water-saturated air calibration; Difference between probe value and saturation level. Salinity; Seawater standard; Difference between probe measurement and standard value. Specific Conductance; Seawater standard; Difference between probe measurement and standard value. Temperature; Thermometer; +/- 1C. Benthic taxonomy-At a minimum, 10 percent of all samples were resorted and recounted on a regular basis. Ten percent of samples were randomly selected and re-identified. A voucher collection composed of representative individuals of each species encountered in the project was accumulated and retained. 1 DATA PREPARATION AND SAMPLE PROCESSING Fields are arranged as follows: Sample Type; Container; Field Holding; Lab Storage; Max Holding. SEDIMENT - Organic contaminants; I-Chem glass jars; Wet ice (4C); Freezer (-20C); 1 year. SEDIMENT - Inorganic contaminants; I-Chem glass jars; Wet ice (4C); Freezer (-20C); 1 year. SEDIMENT - Total organic Carbon; I-Chem glass jars; Wet ice (4C); Freezer (-20C); 1 year. SEDIMENT - Grain size; Whirl paks; Wet ice (4C); Refrigerated (4C); 1 year. TOXICITY BIOASSAY - Whole sediment and porewater bioassays; Plastic jars; Wet ice (4C);Refrigerated (4C); 2 weeks. TOXICITY BIOASSAY - Organic extract (P450 and Microtox); I-Chem glass jars; Wet ice (4C); Freezer (-20C); 1 year. BENTHOS - Taxonomy; Plastic jars; 10% buffered formalin; Transfer to 70% ethanol; Indefinitely. 2007-01-01T00:00:00 2 NAME OF DERIVED VALUES Organic contaminants: chemicals with similar structural properties were summed and reported as "Totals" in addition to their individual measured concentrations. The components of these totals are as follows: Total DDT = sum of concentrations of ortho and para forms of parent and metabolites 2,4'DDE; 4,4'DDE; 2,4'DDD; 4,4'DDD; 2,4'DDT and 4,4'DDT. Total Chlordane = sum of concentrations of four compounds alpha-chlordane, trans-nonachlor, heptachlor, heptachlorepoxide. Total Dieldrin = sum of concentrations of two compounds aldrin and dieldrin. Total Butyl tin = sum of concentrations of parent compound and metabolites monobutyltin, dibutyltin, tributyltin, [concentrations are in terms of tin]. Total PCB = the sum of the concentrations of eighteen congeners: PCB8/5, PCB18, PCB28, PCB44, PCB52, PCB66, PCB101, PCB105, PCB118, PCB128, PCB138, PCB153/132/168, PCB170/190, PCB180, PCB187, PCB195/208, PCB206, and PCB209. Total low molecular weight (lmw) PAHs = sum of concentrations of twelve 2- and 3-ring PAH compounds: naphthalene, 2-methylnaphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene, biphenyl, 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene, acenaphthene, acenaphthylene, 1,6,7-trimehtylnaphthalene, fluorine, phenanthrene, 1-methylphenanthrene, and anthracene. Total high molecular weigh (hmw) PAHs = sum of concentrations of twelve 4-and more-ring PAH compounds: fluoranthene, pyrene, benz[a]anthracene, chrysene, benzo[b]fluorantene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[e]pyrene, benzo[a]pyrene, perylene, dibenzathracene, indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene, and benzo[ahi]perylene. Total PAH = low molecular weight PAHs plus high molecular weigh PAHs (sum of 24 PAH compound concentrations). Total chlorinated benzenes = Tetrachlorobenzene 1,2,4,5 Tetrachlorobenzene 1,2,3,4 Pentachlorobenzene, Hexachlorobenzene and Pentachloroanisole Total cyclodienes = Heptachlor Heptachlor Epoxide Oxychlordane Alpha Chlordane Gamma Chlordane Cis-Nonachlor Trans-Nonachlor Aldrin Dieldrin Endrin Endosulfan II Total HCH = Alpha HCH Beta HCH Gamma HCH Delta HCH Total unsubstituted high molecular weigh PAHs = Fluoranthene, Pyrene, Benz(a)anthracene, Chrysene, Benzo(b)fluoranthene, Benzo(k)fluoranthene, Benzo(e)pyrene, Benzo(a)pyrene, Perylene, Indeno(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene,Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene, Benzo(g,h,i)perylene Total substituted high molecular weigh PAHs= C1-Fluoranthenes/Pyrenes, C1-Chrysenes,C2-Chrysenes, C3-Chrysenes, C4-Chrysenes Total unsubstituted low molecular weigh PAHs=Naphthalene, Biphenyl Acenaphthylene, Acenaphthene, Fluorene, Anthracene, Phenanthrene, Dibenzothiophene Total substituted low molecular weigh PAHs= C1-Naphthalenes, C2-Naphthalenes, C3-Naphthalenes, C4-Naphthalenes, C1-Fluorenes, C2-Fluorenes, C3-Fluorenes, C1-Phenanthrenes/Anthracenes, C2-Phenanthrenes/Anthracenes, C3-Phenanthrenes/Anthracenes, C4-Phenanthrenes/Anthracenes, C1-Dibenzothiophenes, C2-Dibenzothiophenes, C3-Dibenzothiophenes Note: 2-Methylnaphthalene 1-Methylnaphthalene 2,6-Dimethylnaphthalene 1,6,7-Trimethylnaphthalene or 1-Methylphenanthrene were not double counted in the substituted totals. Total measured PCBs = PCB8/5, PCB103, PCB18, PCB28, PCB29, PCB31, PCB44, PCB45, PCB49, PCB52, PCB56/60, PCB66, PCB70, PCB74/61, PCB87/115, PCB95, PCB99, PCB101/90, PCB105, PCB110/77, PCB118, PCB128, PCB138, PCB146, PCB149/123, PCB151, PCB153/132/168 ,PCB156/171/202, PCB158, PCB170/190, PCB174, PCB180, PCB187, PCB183, PCB194, PCB195/208, PCB198, PCB201/173/157, PCB206, PCB209 (continued...) 3 (continued from above) Several numerical indices were chosen for analysis and interpretation of the macroinfaunal data. Infaunal abundance is reported as the total number of individuals per station and the total number of individuals per square meter (= density). Taxa richness is reported as the number of taxa represented in a given site location. Taxa diversity, which is often related to the ecological stability and environmental "quality" of the benthos, was estimated by the Shannon-Weiner Index (Shannon and Weaver, 1949). In order to quantify and compare the equitability in the fauna to the taxa diversity for a given area, Pielou's Evenness Index J' (Pielou, 1966) was calculated as J' = H'/lnS, where lnS = H'max, or the maximum possible diversity, when all taxa are represented by the same number of individuals; thus, J' = H' /H' max. (end continuation) 4 Pielou, E.C. 1966. The Measurement of Diversity in Different Types of Biological Collections. J. Theoretical Biology 13:131-144.Shannon, L.C. and W. Weaver. 1949. The Mathematical Theory of Communication. Univ. of Illinois Press, Urbana, Ill. 117 p. gov.noaa.nmfs.inport:38758 Tyler Christensen 2017-04-05T12:48:40 SysAdmin InPortAdmin 2023-10-17T16:12:11 2017-04-17 National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science NCCOS 1002 Public No No 2017-04-17 1 Year 2018-04-17