50521
Identifying coral reef resilience potential in Tutuila, American Samoa based on NOAA coral reef monitoring data from 2010 to 2016
Reef Resilience Analysis - Tutuila
Data Set
Published / External
21559
Ecosystem Monitoring and Assessment
Project
Completed
2018
Declines in the health of coral reef ecosystems lead scientists to search for factors that support reef resilience: the ability of reefs to resist environmental stress and recover when they have been impacted, and to maintain key ecosystem functions throughout. Scientists have identified eleven measurable factors that affect the resilience of coral reefs. Reef resilience factors include characteristics of the coral assemblage, populations of fish that live on the reef, land-based influences, and sea surface temperature variability. NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC) Ecosystem Sciences Division (ESD) used these factors to quantitatively assess the resilience potential of reefs around Tutuila and Aunu‘u Islands in American Samoa.
Locations of monitoring surveys conducted by ESD from 2010 to 2016 were used to designate study zones. The monitoring surveys provided data to evaluate biological/ecological resilience factors, and external data sources were used to inform physical and environmental factors not directly measured by ESD. Data for each metric was compiled, normalized, and averaged to produce a composite resilience score for each of zone. The primary resilience analysis includes all 11 metrics for 10 study zones around Tutuila and Aunu'u, excluding Taema Bank. The secondary resilience analysis includes the 8 metrics available for 11 study zones around Tutuila and Aunu'u, including Taema Bank.
The information provided with this analysis includes the individual datasets for the 11 metrics used in the analysis (data tables), the survey sites and study zones (data tables), and the resilience scores resulting from the analysis (data tables and maps).
Structural, ecological, and physical processes including, diversity, recruitment, herbivory, disease, and thermal tolerance have been identified as key elements contributing to reef resilience. This analysis, funded by the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program, integrates interdisciplinary data sets collected by NOAA Ecosystem Sciences Division and its partners to operationalize reef resilience in the U.S.-affiliated Pacific Islands. It is important to identify and understand these factors, so that management strategies can be tailored to maintaining or restoring coral communities to maximize their chances of survival in a changing climate. This analysis contributes to the local jurisdiction's capacity to meaningfully assess reef ecosystem condition in relation to a range of threats. A key aspect of the reef resilience framework is that it can empower local action to improve resilience of coral reefs because some drivers of resilience are heavily influenced by large-scale climatic forces, while others can be directly affected by local management.
Schumacher BD, Vargas-Ángel B and SF Heron. 2018. Identifying coral reef resilience potential in Tutuila, American Samoa based on NOAA coral reef monitoring data. NOAA Special Publication. NMFS-PIFSC-SP-18-03, 15 pp.
https://doi.org/10.7289/V5/SP-PIFSC-18-003
Reef resilience factors as described by McClanahan et al. (2012) include:
1. Pollution,
2. Sedimentation,
3. Herbivore biomass,
4. Macroalgae cover,
5. Coral diversity,
6. Coral recruitment,
7. Disease prevalence,
8. Bleaching resistance,
9. Physical impacts,
10. Fishing pressure, and
11. Sea surface temperature variability.
Theme
ISO 19115 Topic Category
biota
Theme
ISO 19115 Topic Category
oceans
Theme
CRCP Project
810
Theme
CRCP Project
Reefs for the future: Identifying coral reef resilience in the US Pacific islands based on CRED coral reef monitoring data
Theme
CoRIS Discovery Thesaurus
Geographic Information > Ecological Characterization
Theme
CoRIS Theme Thesaurus
EARTH SCIENCE > Atmosphere > Precipitation > Precipitation Amount
Theme
CoRIS Theme Thesaurus
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Vegetation > Algae > Algal Cover
Theme
CoRIS Theme Thesaurus
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Vegetation > Algae > Fleshy Macroalgae
Theme
CoRIS Theme Thesaurus
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals
Theme
CoRIS Theme Thesaurus
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Coral Diseases
Theme
CoRIS Theme Thesaurus
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Coral Diseases > Black Band Disease
Theme
CoRIS Theme Thesaurus
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Coral biodiversity
Theme
CoRIS Theme Thesaurus
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Photic Zone Corals
Theme
CoRIS Theme Thesaurus
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Damage Assessment > Human physical
Theme
CoRIS Theme Thesaurus
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Reef Fish Census > Stationary
Theme
CoRIS Theme Thesaurus
EARTH SCIENCE > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Phenomena > Global Change
Theme
CoRIS Theme Thesaurus
EARTH SCIENCE > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Phenomena > Global Warming
Theme
CoRIS Theme Thesaurus
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Aquatic Habitat > Benthic Habitat
Theme
CoRIS Theme Thesaurus
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Aquatic Habitat > Reef Habitat
Theme
CoRIS Theme Thesaurus
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Aquatic Habitat > Reef Habitat > Recovery
Theme
CoRIS Theme Thesaurus
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Ecological Dynamics > Herbivory
Theme
CoRIS Theme Thesaurus
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Microbiota > Bacteria
Theme
CoRIS Theme Thesaurus
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Microbiota > Blue-green Algae
Theme
CoRIS Theme Thesaurus
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Vegetation > Algae
Theme
CoRIS Theme Thesaurus
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Vegetation > Algae > Algae Cover
Theme
CoRIS Theme Thesaurus
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Coral Diseases > Bleaching
Theme
CoRIS Theme Thesaurus
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Coral Diseases > Bleaching > Degree Heating Week (DHW)
Theme
CoRIS Theme Thesaurus
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Coral Diseases > Bleaching > Sea Surface Temperature (SST)
Theme
CoRIS Theme Thesaurus
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment
Theme
CoRIS Theme Thesaurus
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Benthos Analysis
Theme
CoRIS Theme Thesaurus
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Benthos Analysis > Quadrat Monitoring
Theme
CoRIS Theme Thesaurus
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Benthos Analysis > Quadrat Monitoring > Photograph Analysis
Theme
CoRIS Theme Thesaurus
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Benthos Analysis > Transect Monitoring > Belt Transect
Theme
CoRIS Theme Thesaurus
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Benthos Analysis > Transect Monitoring > Linear Transect (line)
Theme
CoRIS Theme Thesaurus
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Benthos Analysis > Transect monitoring
Theme
CoRIS Theme Thesaurus
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > In Situ Biological
Theme
CoRIS Theme Thesaurus
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Photographic Analysis
Theme
CoRIS Theme Thesaurus
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Rapid Assessment Studies
Theme
CoRIS Theme Thesaurus
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Reef Fish Census
Theme
CoRIS Theme Thesaurus
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Remote Sensing
Theme
CoRIS Theme Thesaurus
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Remote Sensing > Satellite (digital scans)
Theme
CoRIS Theme Thesaurus
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Quadrat Monitoring > Photograph Analysis
Theme
CoRIS Theme Thesaurus
EARTH SCIENCE > Hydrosphere > Surface Water > Runoff
Theme
CoRIS Theme Thesaurus
EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs
Theme
CoRIS Theme Thesaurus
EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs > Marine Protected Areas
Theme
CoRIS Theme Thesaurus
EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Marine Biology > Fish > Fish Assemblages
Theme
CoRIS Theme Thesaurus
EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Marine Biology > Fish > Fish Census
Theme
CoRIS Theme Thesaurus
EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Marine Biology > Fish > Fishing
Theme
CoRIS Theme Thesaurus
EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Ocean Temperature > Sea Surface Temperature
Theme
CoRIS Theme Thesaurus
EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Ocean Temperature > Water Temperature
Theme
CoRIS Theme Thesaurus
EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Ocean Temperature > Water Temperature > Anomaly
Theme
NODC PROJECT NAMES THESAURUS
CORAL REEF STUDIES
Theme
NODC PROJECT NAMES THESAURUS
Coral Reef Conservation Program
Theme
NODC PROJECT NAMES THESAURUS
National Coral Reef Monitoring Program
Theme
NODC PROJECT NAMES THESAURUS
Pacific Reef and Assessment Monitoring Program (Pacific RAMP)
Theme
NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS
US DOC; NOAA; NMFS; Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center; Ecosystem Sciences Division; Coral Reef Ecosystem Program
Theme
CRED
Theme
CREP
Theme
Coral Reef Ecosystem Division
Theme
Coral Reef Ecosystem Program
Theme
ESD
Theme
Ecosystem Sciences Division
Theme
PIFSC
Theme
Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center
Theme
Resilience
Spatial
CoRIS Place Thesaurus
COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > American Samoa > American Samoa > American Samoa (14S170W0000)
Spatial
CoRIS Place Thesaurus
COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > American Samoa > American Samoa > Aunu'u Island (14S170W0035)
Spatial
CoRIS Place Thesaurus
COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > American Samoa > American Samoa > Tutuila Island (14S170W0016)
Spatial
CoRIS Place Thesaurus
COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > American Samoa > Tutuila Island > Faga'alu (14S170W0005)
Spatial
CoRIS Place Thesaurus
COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > American Samoa > Tutuila Island > Fagamalo (14S170W0047)
Spatial
CoRIS Place Thesaurus
COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > American Samoa > Tutuila Island > Fagatele Bay (14S170W0002)
Spatial
CoRIS Place Thesaurus
COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > American Samoa > Tutuila Island > Pago Pago (14S170W0008)
Spatial
CoRIS Place Thesaurus
COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > American Samoa > Tutuila Island > Vatia Bay (14S170W0028)
Spatial
CoRIS Place Thesaurus
OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > American Samoa > American Samoa (14S170W0000)
Spatial
CoRIS Place Thesaurus
OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > American Samoa > Tutuila Island (14S170W0016)
Spatial
CoRIS Place Thesaurus
OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Pago Pago Harbor > Faga'alu (14S170W0005)
Spatial
CoRIS Place Thesaurus
OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Tutuila > Aunu'u Island (14S170W0035)
Spatial
CoRIS Place Thesaurus
OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Tutuila Island > Fagamalo (14S170W0047)
Spatial
CoRIS Place Thesaurus
OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Tutuila Island > Fagatele Bay (14S170W0002)
Spatial
CoRIS Place Thesaurus
OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Tutuila Island > Pago Pago (14S170W0008)
Spatial
CoRIS Place Thesaurus
OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Tutuila Island > Vatia Bay (14S170W0028)
Spatial
NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS
South Pacific Ocean
Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center
Honolulu
HI
USA
Data Set
Mixed
None Planned
tabular digital data, and digital map
See download document "Tutuila Reef Resilience Files.docx" (data dictionary).
While every effort has been made to ensure that these data are accurate and reliable within the limits of the current state of the art, NOAA cannot assume liability for any damages caused by errors or omissions in the data, nor as a result of the failure of the data to function on a particular system. NOAA makes no warranty, expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty.
Brett Schumacher, Coral Reef Researcher at NOAA Ecosystem Sciences Division (ESD)
Not applicable
Not applicable
Not applicable
50522
Reef Resilience Scores - Field Descriptions
Reef Resilience Field Descriptions
Published / External
Completed
Composite 11 Resilience Scores:
File provide scores for individual resilience metrics for the primary analysis with all 11 metrics. Raw scores from each of the individual metrics were scaled from 0.0 to 1.0, where 1 represents the healthiest condition in the study. Although it is not a metric used to analyze resilience, percent coral cover is provided as it is frequently used to evaluate reef status and prioritize management.
Composite 8 Resilience scores:
File provide scores for the secondary analysis with the eight metrics available for Taema Bank. Raw scores from each of the individual metrics were scaled from 0.0 to 1.0, where 1 represents the healthiest condition in the study. Although it is not a metric used to analyze resilience, percent coral cover is provided as it is frequently used to evaluate reef status and prioritize management.
Data View
Yes
The field descriptions for the reef resilience dataset.
RANK
INTEGER
No
No
Active
Rank of the zones, based on the resilience score (field COMP 11 or COMP 8) . Values range from 1-11.
COMP 11
NUMERIC
No
No
Active
Composite 11 resilience score, based on the mean of the 11 resilience metrics (BLE, DZ, DIV, FP, HERB, REC, MA, DAM, POLL, SED, and SST VAR).
BLE
NUMERIC
No
No
Active
Bleaching resistance. Raw scores were scaled from 0.0 to 1.0, where 1 represents the healthiest condition in the study.
DZ
NUMERIC
No
No
Active
Disease prevalence. Raw scores were scaled from 0.0 to 1.0, where 1 represents the healthiest condition in the study.
DIV
NUMERIC
No
No
Active
Coral diversity. Raw scores were scaled from 0.0 to 1.0, where 1 represents the healthiest condition in the study.
FP
NUMERIC
No
No
Active
Fishing pressure. Raw scores were scaled from 0.0 to 1.0, where 1 represents the healthiest condition in the study.
HERB
NUMERIC
No
No
Active
Herbivory (reef fish). Raw scores were scaled from 0.0 to 1.0, where 1 represents the healthiest condition in the study.
REC
NUMERIC
No
No
Active
Coral recruitment. Raw scores were scaled from 0.0 to 1.0, where 1 represents the healthiest condition in the study.
MA
NUMERIC
No
No
Active
Macroalgae cover. Raw scores were scaled from 0.0 to 1.0, where 1 represents the healthiest condition in the study.
DAM
NUMERIC
No
No
Active
Physical damage. Raw scores were scaled from 0.0 to 1.0, where 1 represents the healthiest condition in the study.
POLL
NUMERIC
No
No
Active
Pollution. Raw scores were scaled from 0.0 to 1.0, where 1 represents the healthiest condition in the study.
SED
NUMERIC
No
No
Active
Sedimentation. Raw scores were scaled from 0.0 to 1.0, where 1 represents the healthiest condition in the study.
SST VAR
NUMERIC
No
No
Active
Sea surface temperature variability. Raw scores were scaled from 0.0 to 1.0, where 1 represents the healthiest condition in the study.
% CORAL
NUMERIC
No
No
Active
Percent coral cover. Although not a metric used to analyze resilience, percent coral cover is provided as it is frequently used to evaluate reef status and prioritize management. Values range from 2.4-37.5%.
COMP 8
NUMERIC
No
No
Active
Composite 8 resilience score, based on the mean of the 8 resilience metrics (BLE, DZ, DIV, HERB, REC, MA, DAM, and SST VAR).
ZONE
TEXT
No
No
Active
The study zones around Tutuila and Aunu'u in American Samoa used in the reef resilience analysis: 11 zones in COMPOSITE 8 (includes Taema Bank), 10 zones in COMPOSITE 11 (excludes Taema Bank)
Data Set Credit
2017
Person
Schumacher, Brett D
brett.schumacher@noaa.gov
1845 Wasp Blvd
Honolulu
HI
96818
USA
(808)725-5405
E-mail preferred
Data Steward
2017
Person
Schumacher, Brett D
brett.schumacher@noaa.gov
1845 Wasp Blvd
Honolulu
HI
96818
USA
(808)725-5405
E-mail preferred
Distributor
2018-01
Organization
National Centers for Environmental Information - Silver Spring, Maryland
NCEI-MD
NOAA/NESDIS E/OC SSMC3, 4th Floor, 1351 East-West Highway
Silver Spring
MD
20910-3282
(301) 713-3277
Distributor
2017-01
2017-12
Person
Schumacher, Brett D
brett.schumacher@noaa.gov
1845 Wasp Blvd
Honolulu
HI
96818
USA
(808)725-5405
E-mail preferred
Metadata Contact
2017
Person
DesRochers, Annette M
annette.desrochers@noaa.gov
1845 Wasp Blvd.
Honolulu
HI
96818
USA
(808)725-5461
8 am - 5 pm
E-mail preferred
Originator
2017
Organization
NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program
CRCP
1305 East West Highway 10th Floor
Silver Spring
MD
20910-3281
(301) 713-3155
https://coralreef.noaa.gov
Link to the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program website
Online Resource
Originator
2017
Organization
Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center
PIFSC
pifsc.info@noaa.gov
1845 Wasp Blvd.
Honolulu
HI
96818
USA
808-725-5360
https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov
Pacific Island Fisheries Science Center homepage
Online Resource
8:00 a.m. - 4:30 p.m.
Point of Contact
2017
Person
Vargas-Angel, Bernardo
bernardo.vargasangel@noaa.gov
1845 Wasp Blvd.
Honolulu
HI
96818
USA
(808)725-5423
E-mail preferred
Process Contact
2017
Person
Schumacher, Brett D
brett.schumacher@noaa.gov
1845 Wasp Blvd
Honolulu
HI
96818
USA
(808)725-5405
E-mail preferred
Ground Condition
Islands of Tutuila and Aunu'u, American Samoa
-170.92
-170.431
-14.15
-14.45
Islands of Tutuila and Aunu'u, American Samoa
Range
1917
2017
Base period used for mean rainfall
Range
1985
2012
Temporal coverage of Pathfinder v5.2 sea surface temperature data.
Range
2010-02-17
2016-04-30
Temporal coverage of NOAA Ecosystem Sciences Division survey data.
Unclassified
Not applicable
Not applicable
Coral Reef Ecosystem Program (CREP) Data Sharing Recommendations, version 9.0 updated August 12, 2015:
CREP welcomes the opportunity to collaborate on research issues contributing to the scientific basis for better management of marine ecosystems. CREP has a very diverse set of field activities that generates large volumes of data using an array of data collection protocols.
The following recommendations are for your consideration as you use this data:
1) Data analyses should take all field exigencies into account. The most effective way to do this would be active collaboration with CREP principal investigators.
2) In all presentations, product releases, or publications using data generated by CREP, proper acknowledgement of both CREP and the individuals responsible for data collection is expected. Citing the DOI (if available) is preferred, a non-DOI example is listed below.
3) If you collect or generate data for the same study areas, CREP requests that you share relevant information on complimentary data collections.
4) Those receiving data are strongly urged to inform the CREP Data Management Team of any errors and discrepancies that are discovered during the course of using these data. They are further urged to bring to the attention of the Team all problems and difficulties encountered in using these data. This information is necessary in order to improve the collections and to facilitate more efficient and economical data processing and retrieval. The users are asked to supply copies of any missing data that may be located, and to provide information as to significant subsets and special aggregations of data that are developed in using the material provided.
Example citation:
"This publication makes use of data products provided by the Coral Reef Ecosystem Program (CREP), Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), with funding support from the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP). The analysis and interpretations presented here are solely that of the current authors”
Data can be accessed online via the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) Ocean Archive.
None
Please cite NOAA Ecosystem Sciences Division (ESD) when using these data.
Example
Cite as: Schumacher, Brett; Ecosystem Sciences Division; Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (2018). Identifying coral reef resilience potential in Tutuila, American Samoa based on NOAA coral reef monitoring data. NOAA's National Centers for Environmental Information, https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/50521
None
None
https://accession.nodc.noaa.gov/0169632
2018-01
Organization
National Centers for Environmental Information - Silver Spring, Maryland
Reef_Resilience_Tutuila.zip
The Reef Resilience data package includes data, figures and documentation compiled into a ZIP file.
DATA: the original data sources used in the analysis and the final data (resilience scores) resulting from the analysis. The data are provided as a series of CSV files. Refer to the documentation for a description of each file.
Figures: the final maps (3) and graphs (2) produced following the reef resilience analysis. The maps are provided as PNGs, and the graphs as JPGs.
Documentation: Annotated list of metrics and associated files for the Reef Resilience analysis data package for Tutuila and Aunu'u, American Samoa. The document, in PDF format, describes each data file included in the Reef Resilience data package.
zip
Zip
http://accession.nodc.noaa.gov/0169632
Browse Graphic
png
Map of the resilience scores/ranks for 10 study zones around Tutuila, American Samoa, based on the 11 reef resilience factors.
Filename: Browse graphic_Map wo Taema.png
http://www.coris.noaa.gov/monitoring/
Online Resource
NOAA National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP) website.
https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/cred/pacific_ramp.php
Online Resource
NOAA PIFSC Pacific Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program (RAMP) website.
Data streams were compiled and analyzed by NOAA Ecosystem Sciences Division (ESD) researchers using MS Excel and Access 2010, Minitab, PRIMER version 6 with the Permanova+ add-on, and ArcMap 10.4.1.
The foundation of the analysis was in situ ecological survey data collected by NOAA Ecosystem Sciences Division under the National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP). These surveys were conducted around Tutuila based on a stratified random sampling protocol.
Prior to conducting surveys, researchers are trained to identify and estimate/measure size of fish and corals along with other ecological metrics. Both classroom and field training and tests must be completed for all researchers (experienced and inexperienced alike) before each round of surveys begins. This training ensures that ecological surveys are conducted consistently by all researchers within survey efforts and also across periodic survey efforts.
See description of training process in "Accuracy" section.
This project integrated NOAA Ecosystem Sciences Division (ESD) survey data with data from other, external projects. Because external projects were implemented for purposes different from ESD surveys, the spatial extent of ESD surveys does not always align with other study zones. We endeavored to group sites and delineate study zones to align to the greatest degree possible.
Eleven metrics of reef resilience were identified in the McClanahan et al. 2012 paper. This project attempted to include all metrics in the analysis, but data to support three metrics (sedimenation, pollution and fishing pressure) were not available for Taema Bank. Therefore, a separate composite metric (Composite 8), was calculated for all zones so that resilience at Taema Bank could be evaluated.
Analysis is modeled after Maynard et al. 2012, "Coral reef resilience to climate change in Saipan, CNMI; field-based assessments and implications for vulnerability and future management." The current project utilized slightly different data streams in some cases (e.g. updated SST metrics), but the analysis followed the same overall procedures.
With some datasets, two different individuals generated summary statistics that were verified against each other. In other cases, the analysis was run two different ways or two different times and results were cross-checked. "Sanity checks" were also performed to evaluate if the results make sense and are logical.
Yes
Unknown
Yes
No
Unknown
NCEI-MD
Unknown
NOAA IRC and NOAA Fisheries ITS resources and assets.
The principal analytical task of this project was to calculate eleven metrics of "reef resilience" as identified by McClanahan et al. (2012). These metrics account for various aspects of the coral reef ecosystem, and are derived from several data streams, as described in the process steps.
Ayotte, P., K. McCoy, A. Heenan, I. Williams, and J. Zamzow. 2015. Coral reef ecosystem program standard operating procedures: data collection for rapid ecological assessment fish surveys. Pacific Islands Fish. Sci. Cent., Natl. Mar. Fish. Serv., NOAA, Honolulu, HI 96818-5007. Pacific Islands Fish. Sci. Cent. Admin. Rep. H-15-07, 33p. doi:10.7289/V5SN06ZT
Organization
Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, PIFSC
Originator
https://doi.org/10.7289/v5sn06zt
NOAA Institutional Repository
Heron SF, et al. "Warming Trends and Bleaching Stress of the World’s Coral Reefs 1985-2012." Scientific Reports 6 (2016): 38402.
Organization
Scientific Reports
Publisher
2017-12-06
Discrete
2016-12-06
https://www.nature.com/articles/srep38402
Nature Scientific Reports
Lozada-Misa P, Schumacher BD, Vargas-Angel B. 2017. Analysis of benthic survey images via CoralNet : a summary of standard operating procedures and guidelines. Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, PIFSC Administrative Report, H-17-02, 169 p. https://doi.org/10.7289/V5/AR-PIFSC-H-17-02.
Organization
Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, PIFSC
Originator
2017-01-01
https://doi.org/10.7289/V5/AR-PIFSC-H-17-02
NOAA Institutional Repository
Maynard, J., S. McKagan, L. Raymundo, S. Johnson, G. Ahmadia, L. Johnston, P. Houk, G. Williams, M. Kendall, S. Heron, R. van Hooidonk, and E. McLeod. 2015. Assessing relative resilience potential of coral reefs to inform management in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. Silver Spring, MD: NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program. NOAA Technical Memorandum CRCP 22. 153pp.
Organization
CNMI Division of Environmental Quality
Originator
2015-10-01
https://doi.org/10.7289/v5h41pfm
NOAA Institutional Repository
McClanahan TR, Donner SD, Maynard JA, MacNeil MA, Graham NAJ, et al. (2012) Prioritizing Key Resilience Indicators to Support Coral Reef Management in a Changing Climate. PLoS ONE 7(8): e42884. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0042884
Organization
PLoS ONE
Publisher
2012-08-29
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0042884
PLOS ONE
Tuitele C, et al. TERRITORY OF AMERICAN SAMOA INTEGRATED WATER QUALITY MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT REPORT 2016
Organization
American Samoa Watershed Management and Protection Program FY15 Annual Report. American Samoa Environmental Protection Agency
Originator
2016-04-01
https://www.epa.as.gov/sites/default/files/documents/public_notice/2016%20AS%20Integrated%20Report%20for%20Public%20Notice%202016%200410%20FINAL.pdf
American Samoa Environmental Protection Agency
Vargas-Angel, B., B.D. Schumacher. (2018). Baseline Surveys for Coral Reef Community Structure and Demographics in Vatia and Faga'alu Bay, American Samoa NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, PIFSC Special Publication, SP-18-002, 38 p.
Organization
Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center
Originator
2017-12-31
https://doi.org/10.7289/V5/SP-PIFSC-18-002
NOAA Institutional Repository
1
The first task was to identify and define zones of interest, hereafter known as study zones. Eleven study zones were delineated for the present project. Four of these zones reflect broad geographic regions (i.e. Northeast, Northwest, Southeast, Southwest) that have been used to organize ecological surveys conducted by the ESD under the National Coral Reef Monitoring Program based on broadly similar habitat and exposure to wave and weather conditions. Several smaller zones of interest were then identified that had been the subject of focused survey effort by the ESD during previous projects, providing geographically dense data to evaluate the resilience potential for each individual zone: Taema Bank had suffered severe impacts due to predation on corals by crown-of-thorns seastars; Aunu‘u East, Aunu‘u West, Fagamalo, and Fagatele are marine protected areas (MPAs); and Faga‘alu Bay and Vatia Bay were the subject of previous studies by ESD on impacts of land-based sources of pollution (LBSP) (Vargas-Ángel and Schumacher In Review).
Person
Schumacher, Brett D
brett.schumacher@noaa.gov
1845 Wasp Blvd
Honolulu
HI
96818
USA
(808)725-5405
Vargas-Angel, B., B.D. Schumacher. (2018). Baseline Surveys for Coral Reef Community Structure and Demographics in Vatia and Faga'alu Bay, American Samoa NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, PIFSC Special Publication, SP-18-002, 38 p.
2
The basis of the pollution metric is a watershed health index based on analysis of the American Samoa Environmental Protection Agency (Tuitele 2016). We used ArcGIS to combine this information by merging watersheds associated with each georegion and calculating a weighted mean WHI by area.
Tuitele C, et al. TERRITORY OF AMERICAN SAMOA INTEGRATED WATER QUALITY MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT REPORT 2016
3
The sedimentation metric is based on precipitation that falls on the watersheds associated with each georegion. A "precipitation index" was derived based on interpolated rainfall information from the NOAA National Weather Service (https://hdsc.nws.noaa.gov/hdsc/pfds/meta/na14_vol5_as_grid_metadata.xml). Rainfall was scaled by the coastline of each georegion.
4
The herbivore biomass metric was derived from data from NOAA Ecosystem Sciences Division Rapid Ecological Assessment (REA) fish surveys. Mean herbivore biomass for each zone, as well as all subsequently described metrics based on data from REA surveys, were calculated based on a weighted average of reef area in three depth zones (0-6 meters, 6-18 meters, 18-30 meters).
Ayotte, P., K. McCoy, A. Heenan, I. Williams, and J. Zamzow. 2015. Coral reef ecosystem program standard operating procedures: data collection for rapid ecological assessment fish surveys. Pacific Islands Fish. Sci. Cent., Natl. Mar. Fish. Serv., NOAA, Honolulu, HI 96818-5007. Pacific Islands Fish. Sci. Cent. Admin. Rep. H-15-07, 33p. doi:10.7289/V5SN06ZT
5
The macroalgal cover metric was derived from analysis of digital images of the benthos (photoquadrats) from NOAA Ecosystem Sciences Division Rapid Ecological Assessment (REA) fish and coral surveys.
Lozada-Misa P, Schumacher BD, Vargas-Angel B. 2017. Analysis of benthic survey images via CoralNet : a summary of standard operating procedures and guidelines. Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, PIFSC Administrative Report, H-17-02, 169 p. https://doi.org/10.7289/V5/AR-PIFSC-H-17-02.
6
Metrics for coral diversity, coral recruitment, physical impacts to coral, and disease prevalence were calculated from data gathered by NOAA Ecosystem Sciences Division Rapid Ecological Assessment (REA) benthic surveys.
7
The bleaching resistance metric was calculated based on the percent corals of a given species found in georegions, scaled by their sensitivity to bleaching as determined by observations of corals during a bleaching event.
8
The fishing pressure metric was derived from multiple data sources. The proximity of human population was the primary driver. Census data was used to estimate mean population within 10 kilometers of reef in each georegion. No-take marine protected areas were assumed to not have fishing activity. Commericial fishing trips to a region were also used to create an index that was averaged with human population. These were scaled by reef area and averaged.
9
The Sea Surface Temperature (SST) variability metric was derived from Pathfinder v5.2 ~4 kilometer (1/24 degrees) daily SST data for the period 1985-2012, provided by the Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) and the U.S. National Oceanographic Data Center. The Pathfinder project was supported in part by a grant from the NOAA Climate Data Record (CDR) Program for satellites. Scott Heron created derived data sets based on these data under a NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP) grant (Heron-786), and these derived data sets were used as the basis of the SST variability metric. Based on discussions with Heron, the number of significant thermal events (defined as a period where a reef area experienced 4 consecutive degree heating weeks) and the interannual variability (standard deviation) of the climactically warmest month were combined to calculate the SST variability metric. Additional information about thermal history products is available at the Coral Reef Watch website (http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov/satellite/thermal_history/th_index.php).
Heron SF, et al. "Warming Trends and Bleaching Stress of the World’s Coral Reefs 1985-2012." Scientific Reports 6 (2016): 38402.
50522
Entity
Reef Resilience Scores - Field Descriptions
23147
Data Set
Reefs for the future: Resilience of coral reefs in the main Hawaiian Islands
Cross Reference
gov.noaa.nmfs.inport:50521
Annette DesRochers
2017-12-01T13:19:26
SysAdmin InPortAdmin
2023-08-15T17:09:52
2018-01-05
Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center
PIFSC
1845 Wasp Blvd.
Honolulu
HI
96818
USA
808-725-5300
http://www.pifsc.noaa.gov
8:00 a.m. - 4:30 p.m.
1001
Public
No
2018-01-05
1 Year
2019-01-05