59195 Bleaching: 2019 BIA Benthic Cover Data Set Published / External 21442 Ocean and Climate Change Project Completed 2022 The data described here result from benthic photo-quadrat surveys conducted along transects at stratified random sites (StRS), as well as climate stations and permanent sites, surveyed across the Hawaiian Archipelago during the 2019 bleaching event. Benthic habitat imagery was quantitatively analyzed using the web-based annotation tool CoralNet (Beijbom et al. 2016) with the addition of codes for bleaching of hard coral. In general, images are analyzed to produce three functional group levels of benthic cover: Tier 1 (e.g., hard coral, soft coral, macroalgae, turf algae, etc.), Tier 2 (e.g., Hard Coral = massive, branching, foliose, encrusting, etc.; Macroalgae = upright macroalgae, encrusting macroalgae, bluegreen macroalgae, and Halimeda, etc.), and Tier 3 (e.g., Hard Coral = Astreopora sp, Favia sp, Pocillopora, etc.; Macroalgae = Caulerpa sp, Dictyosphaeria sp, Padina sp, etc.). For each category of hard coral, a bleached and non-bleached option existed during analysis to facilitate the collection of coral bleaching percent cover data. In the Main Hawaiian Islands (MHI) and some sites in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI), a StRS design was employed to select random sites. The survey domain encompassed the majority of the mapped area of reef and hard bottom habitats in the 0-30 m depth range. The stratification scheme included island, reef zone, and depth in all regions, as well as habitat structure type in the Main Hawaiian Islands. Sampling effort was allocated based on strata area and sites were randomly located within strata. Sites were surveyed using photo-quadrats along transects to collect benthic imagery to ultimately produce estimates of relative abundance (percent cover), frequency of occurrence, benthic community taxonomic composition and relative generic richness. The StRS design effectively reduces estimate variance through stratification using environmental covariates and by sampling more sites rather than sampling more transects at a site. Therefore, site-level estimates and site to site comparisons should be used with caution. Surveys conducted in the Main Hawaiian Islands were conducted during shore-based missions and were all StRS, whereas surveys in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands were performed opportunistically during the regularly scheduled NOAA National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP) mission and encompassed StRS as well as fixed sites, which include climate stations and permanent sites The data from the benthic cover surveys can be accessed online via the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) Ocean Archive. Working with the Hawaii Coral Bleaching Collaborative (HCBC), NOAA ESD planned and executed a field survey response in 2019 that applied a structured, hypothesis-driven approach to document the extent of coral bleaching in the Hawaiian Archipelago, and laid the groundwork for tracking coral response and recovery through time. Theme ISO 19115 Topic Category biota Theme CRCP Project 31283 Theme CRCP Project Hawaii coral bleaching assessment and analysis Theme CoRIS Discovery Thesaurus Numeric Data Sets > Benthic Theme CoRIS Theme Thesaurus EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Aquatic Habitat > Benthic Habitat Theme CoRIS Theme Thesaurus EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Aquatic Habitat > Reef Habitat Theme CoRIS Theme Thesaurus EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Microbiota > Blue-green Algae Theme CoRIS Theme Thesaurus EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Vegetation > Algae > Algal Cover Theme CoRIS Theme Thesaurus EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Vegetation > Algae > Crustose Coralline Algae Theme CoRIS Theme Thesaurus EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Vegetation > Algae > Encrusting Macroalgae Theme CoRIS Theme Thesaurus EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Vegetation > Algae > Turf Algae Theme CoRIS Theme Thesaurus EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals Theme CoRIS Theme Thesaurus EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment Theme CoRIS Theme Thesaurus EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Benthos Analysis Theme CoRIS Theme Thesaurus EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Benthos Analysis > Quadrat Monitoring > Photograph Analysis Theme CoRIS Theme Thesaurus EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Benthos Analysis > Transect Monitoring Theme CoRIS Theme Thesaurus EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Benthos Analysis > Transect Monitoring > Belt Transect Theme CoRIS Theme Thesaurus EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Benthos Analysis > Transect Monitoring > Point Counts Theme CoRIS Theme Thesaurus EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > In Situ Biological Theme CoRIS Theme Thesaurus EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Photographic Analysis Theme CoRIS Theme Thesaurus EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Rapid Assessment Studies Theme CoRIS Theme Thesaurus EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Mollusks > Tridacna Theme CoRIS Theme Thesaurus EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Sponges Theme CoRIS Theme Thesaurus EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs Theme CoRIS Theme Thesaurus EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs > Coral Reef Ecology Theme CoRIS Theme Thesaurus EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs > Coral Reef Ecology > Benthic biology Theme CoRIS Theme Thesaurus EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs > Coral Reef Ecology > Coral Cover Theme CoRIS Theme Thesaurus EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs > Coral Reef Ecology > Hard Coral Cover Theme CoRIS Theme Thesaurus EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs > Coral Reef Ecology > Hard Coral Cover Live percentage Theme CoRIS Theme Thesaurus EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs > Coral Reef Ecology > Octocoral Cover Theme CoRIS Theme Thesaurus EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Marine Biology > Coral Theme CoRIS Theme Thesaurus EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Marine Biology > Coral Communities Theme CoRIS Theme Thesaurus EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Marine Biology > Marine Invertebrates Theme CoRIS Theme Thesaurus EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Marine Biology > Marine Invertebrates > Macroinvertebrates Theme CoRIS Theme Thesaurus EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Marine Biology > Marine Plants > Seagrass Theme NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS REEF AND/OR BOTTOM REGIME - PERCENT COVER Theme NODC PLATFORM NAMES THESAURUS RAINIER Theme NODC PROJECT NAMES THESAURUS CORAL REEF STUDIES Theme NODC PROJECT NAMES THESAURUS Coral Reef Conservation Program Theme NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS US DOC; NOAA; NMFS; Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center; Ecosystem Sciences Division; Coral Reef Ecosystem Program Theme CRED Theme CREP Theme Coral Reef Ecosystem Division Theme Coral Reef Ecosystem Program Theme ESD Theme Ecosystem Sciences Division Theme PIFSC Theme Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center Theme bleaching Theme coralnet Spatial CoRIS Place Thesaurus COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Hawaii > Hawaii (21N160W0000) Spatial CoRIS Place Thesaurus COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Hawaii > Hawaii Island (19N155W0003) Spatial CoRIS Place Thesaurus COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Honolulu > French Frigate Shoals (24N166W0001) Spatial CoRIS Place Thesaurus COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Honolulu > Kure Atoll (28N178W0001) Spatial CoRIS Place Thesaurus COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Honolulu > Lisianski Island (25N173W0001) Spatial CoRIS Place Thesaurus COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Honolulu > Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (28N178W0000) Spatial CoRIS Place Thesaurus COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Honolulu > Oahu (21N157W0003) Spatial CoRIS Place Thesaurus COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Honolulu > Pearl and Hermes Reef (27N176W0001) Spatial CoRIS Place Thesaurus COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Maui > Lanai Island (20N156W0002) Spatial CoRIS Place Thesaurus COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Maui > Maui Island (20N156W0004) Spatial CoRIS Place Thesaurus COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaiian Islands (21N157W0027) Spatial CoRIS Place Thesaurus OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands (21N157W0027) Spatial CoRIS Place Thesaurus OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > Hawaii > Hawaii (21N160W0000) Spatial CoRIS Place Thesaurus OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > Hawaii Island > Hawaii Island (19N155W0003) Spatial CoRIS Place Thesaurus OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > Lanai Island > Lanai Island (20N156W0002) Spatial CoRIS Place Thesaurus OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > Maui Island > Maui Island (20N156W0004) Spatial CoRIS Place Thesaurus OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > Oahu Island > Oahu (21N157W0003) Spatial CoRIS Place Thesaurus OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (28N178W0000) Spatial CoRIS Place Thesaurus OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Northwestern Hawaiian Islands > French Frigate Shoals (24N166W0001) Spatial CoRIS Place Thesaurus OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Northwestern Hawaiian Islands > Kure Atoll (28N178W0001) Spatial CoRIS Place Thesaurus OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Northwestern Hawaiian Islands > Lisianski Island (25N173W0001) Spatial CoRIS Place Thesaurus OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Northwestern Hawaiian Islands > Pearl and Hermes Reef (27N176W0001) Spatial NODC Sea Area Names Thesaurus North Pacific Ocean Spatial NODC Sea Area Names Thesaurus Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Spatial MHI Spatial Main Hawaiian Islands Spatial NWHI Spatial Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center Honolulu HI USA Data Set CSV Files As Needed Table (digital) Raw survey data includes metadata for each survey (where, when, who, area); site characteristics (depth, reef type, habitat); unique image name and individual point observations identified at three functional group levels of benthic cover: Tier 1 (e.g., hard coral, soft coral, macroalgae, turf algae, etc.), Tier 2 (e.g., Hard Coral = massive, branching, foliose, encrusting, etc.; Macroalgae = upright macroalgae, encrusting macroalgae, bluegreen macroalgae, and Halimeda, etc.), and Tier 3 (e.g., Hard Coral = Astreopora sp, Favia sp, Pocillopora, etc.; Macroalgae = Caulerpa sp, Dictyosphaeria sp, Padina sp, etc.). For each category of hard coral, a bleached and non-bleached option existed during analysis to facilitate the collection of coral bleaching percent cover data. The labelset ("CNET_LABELS_BLEACHING") used to annotate in CoralNet can be found under 'Distribution Info,' https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/59196 While every effort has been made to ensure that these data are accurate and reliable within the limits of the current state of the art, NOAA cannot assume liability for any damages caused by errors or omissions in the data, nor as a result of the failure of the data to function on a particular system. NOAA makes no warranty, expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. PIFSC Coral Reef Ecosystem Program and funded by the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable 59196 Published / External Completed Data Table Yes Data dictionary for the benthic image analysis results for StR and fixed sites surveyed during the 2019 bleaching surveys across the Hawaiian Archipelago. A new bleaching label set was generated for annotations run through CoralNet to allow for hard coral to be identified as bleached or non-bleached. 1 ROUNDID NUMERIC 22 Yes No 28 0 Active Unique Identifier auto-assigned by database for ROUND record (corresponds to mission, cruise, cruise leg, etc.) 2 MISSIONID TEXT 30 Yes No Active Mission Identifier typically assigned by PIFSC 3 REGION TEXT 150 No No Active Region acronym 4 REGION_NAME TEXT 30 No No Active One of the five Pacific Island regions ESD surveys: Main Hawaiian islands, Northwestern Hawaiian islands, American Samoa, Marianas, and the Pacific Remote Island Areas. 5 ISLANDCODE TEXT 60 No No Active Code of island or atoll surveyed 6 ISLAND TEXT 150 No No Active Island or Atoll surveyed 7 SITE TEXT 150 No No Active The 5- to 6- character code for the site surveyed. Combines a 3-letter island code with a site number 8 OCC_SITEID TEXT No No Active Ocean Climate Change site identifier 9 PERM_SITE NUMERIC 22 No No 5 0 Active Permanent site flag, yes = -1 10 CLIMATE_STATION_YN NUMERIC 22 No No Active Climate station flag, yes = -1 11 SITEVISITID TEXT 5 No No Active Unique numeric identifier for the instance of the site survey 12 DATE_ DATE 7 Yes No Active Date the survey was conducted 13 OBS_YEAR NUMERIC 16 No No Active Year the survey was conducted 14 OBS_MONTH NUMERIC 20 No No Active Month the survey was conducted 15 OBS_DAY NUMERIC 5 No No Active Day the survey was conducted 16 LATITUDE NUMERIC 22 No No 38 8 Active Site latitude in decimal degrees 17 LONGITUDE NUMERIC 22 No No 28 8 Active Site longitude in decimal degrees 18 MIN_DEPTH NUMERIC 22 No No 38 8 Active Minimum depth (measured in feet) 19 MAX_DEPTH NUMERIC 22 No No 28 8 Active Maximum depth (measured in feet) 20 ORIGINAL_FILE_NAME TEXT 4000 No No Active Original file name of the image analyzed 21 REPLICATE NUMERIC 4 No No Active Letter associated to replicate (A, B, C, or D) or to photo number if no replicate. Photo 1-9 = 0 Photo 10-19 = 1 Photo 20-29 = 2 Photo 30-39 = 3 (REP column in previous years) 22 IMAGE_NUMBER NUMERIC 4000 No No Active Image number along transect 23 DATE_ANNOTATED DATE 50 No No Active Date the image was annotated 24 ANNOTATOR TEXT 20 No No Active Name of the annotator 25 ROW_ NUMERIC 22 No No 38 Active X position of the analyzed point 26 COL NUMERIC 22 No No Active Y position of the analyzed point 27 NAME TEXT 5 No No Active Classification name of the point on the analyzed image 28 SHORT_CODE TEXT No No Active Classification code of the point on the analyzed image 29 FUNCTIONAL_GROUP TEXT No No Active Functional group of the point on the analyzed image Data Steward 2019 Person Winston, Morgan S morgan.winston@noaa.gov 1845 Wasp Blvd. Honolulu HI 96818 USA (808)725-5480 Distributor 2019 Organization NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information NCEI ncei.info@noaa.gov https://ror.org/04r0wrp59 https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. Online Resource Metadata Contact 2019 Person Luers, Lori H lori.luers@noaa.gov 1845 Wasp Blvd. Honolulu HI 96818 USA Originator 2019 Organization Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center PIFSC pifsc.info@noaa.gov https://ror.org/02apffz65 1845 Wasp Blvd. Honolulu HI 96818 USA 808-725-5360 https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov Pacific Island Fisheries Science Center homepage Online Resource 8:00 a.m. - 4:30 p.m. Point of Contact 2019 Person Couch, Courtney S courtney.s.couch@noaa.gov https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5642-8765 Ground Condition Hawaiian Archipelago including the main and Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. -178.383718 -155.88832 28.459215 19.31344 Main Hawaiian Islands (MHI), including Hawaii, Maui, Oahu, and Lanai, and the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI), including French Frigate Shoals, Lisianski Island, Pearl & Hermes Reef, and Kure Atoll. Range 2019-08-27 2019-09-04 RA1903 Surveys conducted in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands during the 4th leg of the 2019 NOAA National Coral Reef Monitoring Program cruise. Range 2019-10-08 2019-11-14 Shore-based surveys around the Main Hawaiian Islands. Unclassified Not applicable Not applicable NOAA Ecosystem Sciences Division (ESD) Data Sharing Recommendations, version 9.0 updated August 12, 2015: ESD welcomes the opportunity to collaborate on research issues contributing to the scientific basis for better management of marine ecosystems. ESD has a very diverse set of field activities that generates large volumes of data using an array of data collection protocols. The following recommendations are for your consideration as you use this data: 1) Data analyses should take all field exigencies into account. The most effective way to do this would be active collaboration with ESD principal investigators. 2) In all presentations, product releases, or publications using data generated by ESD , proper acknowledgement of both ESD and the individuals responsible for data collection is expected. Citing the DOI (if available) is preferred, a non-DOI example is listed below. 3) If you collect or generate data for the same study areas, ESD requests that you share relevant information on complimentary data collections. 4) Those receiving data are strongly urged to inform the ESD Data Management Team of any errors and discrepancies that are discovered during the course of using these data. They are further urged to bring to the attention of the Team all problems and difficulties encountered in using these data. This information is necessary in order to improve the collections and to facilitate more efficient and economical data processing and retrieval. The users are asked to supply copies of any missing data that may be located, and to provide information as to significant subsets and special aggregations of data that are developed in using the material provided. Example citation: "This publication makes use of data products provided by the Coral Reef Ecosystem Program (ESD), Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), with funding support from the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP). The analysis and interpretations presented here are solely that of the current authors. Data can be accessed online via the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) Ocean Archive. None Please cite NOAA Ecosystem Sciences Division (ESD) when using the data. Example: Ecosystem Sciences Division; Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (2022). Benthic Cover Derived from Analysis of Benthic Images Collected in the Hawaiian Archipelago During the 2019 Bleaching Event. NOAA's National Center for Environmental Information, https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/59195 None None https://accession.nodc.noaa.gov/0259266 2019 Organization NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information https://ror.org/04r0wrp59 BIA_CNET_ANALYSIS_BLEA_2019_NWHI.csv Image analysis data derived from photoquadrat benthic images collected at stratified random sites (StRS) and fixed sites across the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands by the NOAA Ecosystem Sciences Division (ESD) during the 2019 bleaching surveys csv (comma-separated values) CSV - Comma Separated Values (Text) https://accession.nodc.noaa.gov/0259266 2019 Organization NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information https://ror.org/04r0wrp59 BIA_CNET_ANALYSIS_BLEA_2019_MHI.csv Image analysis data derived from photoquadrat benthic images collected at stratified random sites (StRS) across the Main Hawaiian Islands by the NOAA Ecosystem Sciences Division (ESD) during the 2019 bleaching surveys csv (comma-separated values) CSV - Comma Separated Values (Text) https://accession.nodc.noaa.gov/0259266 2019 Organization NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information https://ror.org/04r0wrp59 CNET_LABELS_BLEACHING Labelset used in CoralNet to annotate benthic photo-quadrat imagery collected during the 2019 bleaching event in Hawaii. .csv CSV - Comma Separated Values (Text) http://coralnet.ucsd.edu/ Online Resource HTML CoralNet Home Page https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/feature-story/surveys-assess-2019-hawaii-coral-bleaching-event Feature Story: Surveys to Assess the 2019 Hawaii Coral Bleaching Event Online Resource HTML PIFSC Oracle database view: MV_BIA_CNET_ANALYSIS_DATA (CoralNet) Data sets derived from image analysis are highly reliable within the stipulated taxonomic context. Each time a production run is performed for a region a calibration exercise is conducted by all staff that will participate in that round of image analysis classification. Usually 100-150 photos are selected from the photos being processed as part of the production run series, or other region-relevant photo streams. Then, CoralNet assigns 10 random points per photo. Each photo analyst is asked to classify the same set of points in each of the photos used as part of the calibration exercise. The goal of the calibration exercise is to assess inter-observer variability. Inter-observer variability rates are available upon request for each production run. Handheld GPS units were used to locate random sites and mark site locations. Image data include 30 benthic photographs per survey site. Appropriate site level image grouping should include all 30 images. The data set derived from the image analysis is as good as the images themselves; poor images with low contrast, inappropriate white balance, or out of focus may have to be discarded. Therefore, percent cover estimates for some sites may derive from differing numbers of points between sites. Although the analysis process is statistically robust to allow for differing n (points) between sites the users should be aware of this limitation. Imagery annotations are completed to the functional group/genus level (Tier 3). Only shallow water (0 to 30 meter depth range) hard-bottom habitats are surveyed. The StRS sites were randomly selected using a systematic process based on available habitat and bathymetric data. Although efforts are made to include broad spatial coverage of surveys at each island, weather conditions and other environmental constraints may have prevented the team from surveying exposed reef areas. The same method of image analysis was used at each surveyed site. Quality control is enforced by means of point-to-point, inter-observer calibration exercises that are conducted before each image analysis production series. Training modules and standard operating procedures have also been developed and documented to ensure improved performance and consistent imagery analysis results produced by multiple analysts. Yes Unknown Yes No Unknown NCEI-MD Unknown NOAA IRC and NOAA Fisheries ITS resources and assets. The stratified random sampling (StRS) design and benthic photoquadrat survey methodology, employed by the NOAA Coral Reef Ecosystem Program (CREP) since 2013. Benthic imagery is collected at stratified random sites as well as at fixed sites which can be classified as climate stations or permanent sites. The imagery is analyzed using CoralNet to derive benthic cover values. A bleaching label set was produced to perform a bleaching analysis of benthic cover data. Lozada-Misa P, Schumacher BD, Vargas-Angel B. 2017. Analysis of benthic survey images via CoralNet : a summary of standard operating procedures and guidelines. Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, PIFSC Administrative Report, H-17-02, 169 p. Organization Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, PIFSC Originator 2017-01-31 https://doi.org/10.7289/V5/AR-PIFSC-H-17-02 NOAA Institutional Repository The NOAA Fisheries, Ecosystem Sciences Division benthic image analysis SOP using CoralNet. 1 A stratified random sampling (StRS) design was employed to conduct surveys during the 2019 bleaching event by the NOAA Ecosystem Sciences Division. The survey domain encompassed the majority of the mapped area of reef and hard bottom habitats. The stratification scheme included island, reef zone, and depth in all regions, as well as habitat structure type in the Main Hawaiian Islands. The habitat structure types included simple, complex, and coral-rich. Depth categories of shallow (0-6 m), mid (> 6-18m) and deep (>18-30 m) were also incorporated into the stratification scheme. Allocation of sampling effort was proportional to strata area. Sites were randomly selected within each stratum. A geographic information system (GIS) and digital spatial databases of benthic habitats (NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science NCCOS), reef zones (IKONOS satellite imagery, NDGC 1998) bathymetry (NDGC 1998, CREP benthic mapping data), and marine reserve boundaries (NOAA) were used to facilitate spatial delineation of the sampling survey domain, strata, and sample units. Map resolution was such that the survey domain could be overlain by a grid using a GIS with individual cells of size 50 m by 50 m in area. A two-stage sampling scheme following Cochran (1977) was employed to control for spatial variation in population parameters at scales smaller than the grid cell minimum mapping unit (2,500 m2). Grid cells containing hard-bottom reef habitats were designated as primary sample units (referred to as sites). NOAA Fisheries Ecosystem Sciences Division (ESD) conducted rapid visual assessments and photoquadrat assessments of coral bleaching using the methodology outlined by the NOAA Coral Bleaching standard operating procedure for 2019. Still photographs were collected to record the benthic community composition at predetermined points along the transect lines with a high-resolution digital camera. Overall, 30 photoquadrat images are collected at each site. Benthic substrate photos are taken at one meter intervals along the right hand side of the 30 m transect line. Raw data include 30 benthic photographs per survey site. Included in the archive package is a list of survey sites, including region, island, site, date (day, month, year), latitude (dd), longitude (dd), and depth (ft) where photoquads were collected and unique image name. The file naming convention for each photo/image is [SITE]_[YEAR]_[TRANSECT]_[PHOTO_NUMBER].JPG (for example: TUT-903_2012_A_01.JPG). Person Couch, Courtney S courtney.s.couch@noaa.gov https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5642-8765 2 The benthic photoquadrat imagery that are collected are analyzed by using the web-based annotation tool CoralNet (Beijbom et al. 2016) from 2015 to present. CoralNet assigns 10 random points per photo and the benthic elements falling directly underneath each point is identified to three functional group levels: Tier 1 (e.g. hard coral, soft coral, macroalgae, turf algae, etc.), Tier 2 (e.g. Hard coral by morphology = massive, branching, foliose, encrusting, etc.; Macroalgae = upright macroalgae, encrusting macroalgae, bluegreen macroalgae, and Halimeda, etc.), and Tier 3 (e.g. Hard coral by genus and morphology; Macroalgae by genus or grouped genera). A new label set was generated with CoralNet to include identifiers for bleached hard coral; the detailed list of each functional group level or tier is included in the benthic image analysis classification scheme. 3 Raw survey data includes unique image name and individual point observations identified at three functional group levels of benthic cover with the corresponding physical data which reflect the description of the site. The physical data for all records includes the following: region, island, site, date (day, month, year), latitude (dd), longitude (dd), reef zone, habitat type, depth category, and depth. 59196 Entity 59193 Data Set Cross Reference Source imagery to produce the bleaching annotations of this metadata record. 36143 Data Set Cross Reference Source Imagery from 2019 for fixed sites of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands which were analyzed for bleaching cover gov.noaa.nmfs.inport:59195 Annette DesRochers 2020-03-31T16:39:49 SysAdmin InPortAdmin 2026-03-04T19:17:21 2022-10-01 Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center PIFSC 1845 Wasp Blvd. Honolulu HI 96818 USA 808-725-5300 https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov 8:00 a.m. - 4:30 p.m. 1001 Public No No 2022-08-09 1 Year 2023-08-09