66290 Major themes from Marianas fisher-shark interaction interviews Entity Published / External 65617 Socioeconomic context for fisher-shark interactions in the Marianas Data Set Completed Raw interview data were organized into a codebook containing 16 umbrella nodes (or thematic categories), with each umbrella node associated with up to four generations of child nodes. Each node captured different topics discussed in interviews, or meaningful themes that emerged from the dataset. This table contains the names and descriptions of the codebook's 16 umbrella nodes and their first generation child nodes, where applicable. Data Table Yes Raw interview data were organized into a codebook containing 16 umbrella nodes (or thematic categories), with each umbrella node associated with up to four generations of child nodes. Each node captured different topics discussed in interviews, or meaningful themes that emerged from the dataset. This table contains the names and descriptions of the codebook's 16 umbrella nodes and their first generation child nodes, where applicable. 1 01_Problem_definition CHARACTER 22 No No Active Descriptions of different problems and problem framings related to sharks. CHARACTER 2 01A_Dispute CHARACTER 22 No No Active Stakeholder problem framings directly related to sharks, including the impacts of fisher-shark interactions to fisheries and regulatory and management considerations. CHARACTER 3 01B_Deeper_conflict CHARACTER 22 No No Active Problem framings indirectly related to sharks that emerged from shark-related discussions, including those related to social, political, and economic context. CHARACTER 4 02_Solution_development CHARACTER 22 No No Active Descriptions of different solutions and solution framings related to sharks. CHARACTER 5 02A_Substance CHARACTER 22 No No Active Stakeholder solutions directly related to sharks, including strategies to mitigate the impacts of shark interactions or control shark populations directly. CHARACTER 6 02B_Process_and_Relationships CHARACTER 22 No No Active Solution discussions focused on HOW outcomes would be achieved, for example with a focus on relationships or collaborative research processes. CHARACTER 7 02C_Metrics_of_succes CHARACTER 22 No No Active Discussions of metrics that would indicate shark-related problems were resolved, or indicate some other outcome satisfying to stakeholders. CHARACTER 8 02D_Feasibility CHARACTER 22 No No Active Commentary on the feasibility of different solution approaches. CHARACTER 9 10_Fishing_in_the_Marianas CHARACTER 22 No No Active Descriptions of fishing and fishing culture in the Marianas. CHARACTER 10 10A_Region CHARACTER 22 No No Active A tracking node for the various areas within and outside the Marianas that came up in interviews. Within-Marianas areas included islands, ports, and points of interest within Guam and the CNMI. CHARACTER 11 10B_Fishing_location CHARACTER 22 No No Active A tracking node for the various fishing areas that came up in interviews, including banks, offshore reefs, and northern islands. CHARACTER 12 10C_Fishing_practices CHARACTER 22 No No Active Descriptions of fishing practices in the Marianas, including fishing methods, crew, processing methods, target species, trip length, and time of day. CHARACTER 13 10D_Fishing_materials CHARACTER 22 No No Active Descriptions of fishing materials used in the Marianas, including vessel size and gear. CHARACTER 14 10E_Through_time CHARACTER 22 No No Active Descriptions of change in Marianas fisheries through time, including environmental, ecological, economic, and fisher behavior changes. CHARACTER 15 10F_Participation CHARACTER 22 No No Active Descriptions of participation in Marianas fisheries, including commentary on increasing or decreasing participation trends. CHARACTER 16 10G_Infrastructure CHARACTER 22 No No Active References to fisheries infrastructure, includign Fish Aggregating Devices (FADs) and marinas. CHARACTER 17 10H_Competition CHARACTER 22 No No Active Descriptions of competitive dynamics within Marianas fisheries. CHARACTER 18 10I_Cooperation CHARACTER 22 No No Active Descriptions of cooperative dynamics within Marianas fisheries. CHARACTER 19 10J_Shifting_baselines CHARACTER 22 No No Active References to potential differences in the way that fishers with more or less experience perceive ecological health and change (e.g., those with fishing experience dating back further in time describe greater declines in fish abundance). CHARACTER 20 11_Economic_context CHARACTER 22 No No Active Descriptions of the economic context surrounding Marianas fisheries. CHARACTER 21 11A_Costs CHARACTER 22 No No Active References to the cost of fishing (e.g., materials) in the Marianas, including increasing costs throught time and a lack of market competition for fishing supplies. CHARACTER 22 11B_Demand CHARACTER 22 No No Active References to demand for fisheries products, including market and subsistence values for target reef and pelagic species and sharks. CHARACTER 23 11C_Financial_security CHARACTER 22 No No Active References to strategies fishers apply in an effort to maintain financial security or a lack of financial security associated with fishing lifestyles associated with a lack of governmental support for fishers. CHARACTER 24 11D_Food_security CHARACTER 22 No No Active References to the contribution of fishing to local food security, or fishing restrictions as a threat to local food security. CHARACTER 25 11E_Migration_drivers CHARACTER 22 No No Active References to drivers of human migration to and from the Marianas from other Pacific islands. CHARACTER 26 11F_Sale_distribution CHARACTER 22 No No Active Descriptions of the mechanisms that facilitate the sale of locally caught seafood products, and different types of recipients/buyers. CHARACTER 27 11G_Secondhand_fishing CHARACTER 22 No No Active Descriptions of people maintaining their role as a fisher or relationship to the seafood by relying on the fish provided by other community members, sometimes in an effort to avoid fishing expenses and financial risk. CHARACTER 28 11H_Supply CHARACTER 22 No No Active References to the supply of fisheries products and fishing gear, including imported versus local product and market flooding. CHARACTER 29 12_Cultural_context CHARACTER 22 No No Active Descriptions of cultural context for fisheries in the Marianas, including values that center on community, sustainability, and not wasting resources. CHARACTER 30 20_Identity CHARACTER 22 No No Active Descriptions of various facets of research participant identities. CHARACTER 31 20A_Demographics CHARACTER 22 No No Active References to research participant/fisher demographic variables, including age, frequency of fishing activity, occupation, years of fishing experience, gender, ethnicity, and place of origin. CHARACTER 32 20B_Fishing_identities CHARACTER 22 No No Active Descriptions of the type of fishing a fisher might identify with, with respect to the scale, frequency, or commercialization of their fishing (e.g., commercial, non-commercial, charter, weekend warrior, provider of fish, steward, etc.). CHARACTER 33 20C_Personality_traits CHARACTER 22 No No Active References to personality traits exhibited by or described by research participants. CHARACTER 34 21_Motivation CHARACTER 22 No No Active Descriptions of the various reasons for fishing activities and behaviors. CHARACTER 35 21A_Fishing_motivation CHARACTER 22 No No Active Descriptions of the various reasons why people fish, including food, money, pleasure, or sharing fish. CHARACTER 36 23_Human_well_being CHARACTER 22 No No Active References different aspects of human well-being, mostly physical (e.g., safety and health consierations). CHARACTER 37 30_Info_sharing_practices CHARACTER 22 No No Active Descriptions of different types of information shared and mechanisms for sharing. CHARACTER 38 30A_Guarding_info CHARACTER 22 No No Active References to people guarding (more often not actively publicizing) fishing information, including gear preferences and location. CHARACTER 39 30B_Methods_and_sources CHARACTER 22 No No Active Descriptions of different sources of information and methods of information sharing, including interpersonal relationships, social media, and videos/photos. CHARACTER 40 30C_Types_of_info CHARACTER 22 No No Active Types of information shared between stakeholders/fishers, especially shark-related information given the focus of this study. CHARACTER 41 40_Sharks CHARACTER 22 No No Active References to sharks and shark interactions. CHARACTER 42 40A_Species CHARACTER 22 No No Active References to different species of reef and pelagic shark species. CHARACTER 43 40B_Abundance CHARACTER 22 No No Active Perceptions of shark abundance (e.g., high, low) and trends through time (e.g., unchanging, decreasing, increasing). CHARACTER 44 40C_Behavior CHARACTER 22 No No Active References to shark behavior, primarily around fishing activity (e.g., conditioning). CHARACTER 45 40D_Size CHARACTER 22 No No Active References to the size of sharks. CHARACTER 46 40E_Changes_through_time CHARACTER 22 No No Active References to changes in shark behavior and interactions through time, including relevant time frames. CHARACTER 47 40F_Interaction_characteristics CHARACTER 22 No No Active References to various things that characterize any given fisher-shark interaction, including the type of species depredated, depth of interaction, interaction frequency, and timing relative to fishing cues (e.g., arrival to site). CHARACTER 48 40G_Interaction_factors CHARACTER 22 No No Active References to factors perceived to influence the likelihood of a shark interaction, including location, depth, intensity of fishing effort in a given area, season, and target species abundance. CHARACTER 49 40H_Decision_making CHARACTER 22 No No Active Descriptions of the decision-making processes fishers undergo upon encountering a shark, including factors affecting their decision-making process, goals of actions taken, and potential actions (e.g., moving, gear modification, boat maneuvers, etc.). CHARACTER 50 40I_Sharks_as CHARACTER 22 No No Active Descriptions of various perceptions and concepts of what a shark means to society, to them, and to their fishing opportunities. CHARACTER 51 40J_Other_sharks CHARACTER 22 No No Active References to other types of marine life encountered during fishing that occupy similar roles as sharks (e.g., in their impact to fishing activity). CHARACTER 52 40K_Sex CHARACTER 22 No No Active References to the sex of sharks. CHARACTER 53 40L_Sharks_on_the_brain CHARACTER 22 No No Active References to sharks as a prominent thought in the minds of fishers. CHARACTER 54 50_Management CHARACTER 22 No No Active Descriptions of various facets of fisheries management. CHARACTER 55 50A_Enforcement CHARACTER 22 No No Active References to enforces around fisheries management. CHARACTER 56 50B_Monitoring CHARACTER 22 No No Active References to fisheries monitoring efforts. CHARACTER 57 50C_Perceptions_of CHARACTER 22 No No Active Perceptions of the equity, legitimacy, or necessity of fisheries management. CHARACTER 58 50D_Reporting CHARACTER 22 No No Active References to fisheries data reporting from community members. CHARACTER 59 50E_Self_management CHARACTER 22 No No Active References to self-managing principles and practices of fishers. CHARACTER 60 50F_Tools CHARACTER 22 No No Active References to various management tools, including shark finning bans or protections, marine reserves, and gear restrictions. CHARACTER 61 51_Fisher_engagement CHARACTER 22 No No Active References to stakeholder engagement. CHARACTER 62 51A_Motivators CHARACTER 22 No No Active Descriptions of factors motivating fisher participation in stakeholder engagement, including supporting fishing or having the opportunity to express voices. CHARACTER 63 51B_Deterrents CHARACTER 22 No No Active Descriptions of factors deterring fisher participation in stakeholder engagement, including mistrust, fear of engagement resulting in negative outcomes, or a scarcity of outcomes relative to the level of effort put in. CHARACTER 64 51C_Examples CHARACTER 22 No No Active References to different stakeholder engagement forums, including cooperative research efforts, Council-hosted meetings, and creel survey efforts. CHARACTER 65 51D_Strategies CHARACTER 22 No No Active References to helpful engagement strategies, including those related to communication, convenience, and transparency. CHARACTER 66 52_Power_dynamics CHARACTER 22 No No Active Descriptions of political and power dynamics relevant to fisheries and shark interactions. CHARACTER 67 52A_Forms_of_power CHARACTER 22 No No Active Types of power referenced by research participants, including influence in fisheries management and research, livelihood security or financial capital, and access to data. CHARACTER 68 52B_Shifting_blame_and_seeking_aid CHARACTER 22 No No Active Examples of individuals or groups shifting alliances or redirecting blame depending on the situation. CHARACTER 69 52C_Stakeholder_groups CHARACTER 22 No No Active A tracking node for the various stakeholders referenced during data collection, including fishers, fish buyers, managers, scientists, governmental entities, and environmentalists. CHARACTER 70 53_Knowledge_types CHARACTER 22 No No Active Types of knowledge wielded by different stakeholders, including experiential, formal, inherited, and cultural. CHARACTER 71 81_Stories CHARACTER 22 No No Active A tracking node for illustratie stories. CHARACTER 72 82_Quotes_and_Key_points CHARACTER 22 No No Active A tracking node for illustrative quotes and key points. CHARACTER gov.noaa.nmfs.inport:66290 Brent Miyamoto 2021-12-28T19:10:54 SysAdmin InPortAdmin 2022-08-09T17:11:26 2022-01-05 Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center PIFSC 1845 Wasp Blvd. Honolulu HI 96818 USA 808-725-5300 https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov 8:00 a.m. - 4:30 p.m. 1001 Public No 2022-01-05 1 Year 2023-01-05