75048 CORA Data Set Published / External 37109 CO-OPS Metadata Library Library On Going 2024 NOAA's Coastal Ocean Reanalysis (CORA) couples long-term water level observations with hydrodynamic modeling to create historical information between tide stations to bridge gaps in service and serve the Nation's coastal communities effectively and accurately. CORA water levels are simulated with ADvanced CIRCulation (ADCIRC) for ocean circulation modeling and coupled with a phase-averaging model called Simulating WAves Nearshore (SWAN) to produce surface gravity wave spectra and account for time-averaged wave contributions. Coastal water level observations from NOAA's Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services (CO-OPS) National Water Level Observation Network (NWLON) are low-pass filtered and assimilated into the model to account for long-term sea level variability and to reduce model errors, and validate results. The domain of this reanalysis spans the Gulf, Atlantic (East), and Caribbean coastlines (or CORA-GEC). The reanalysis (1979-2022) was performed through the partnership of NOAA National Ocean Service (NOS) and University of North Carolina's (UNC) Institute of Marine Sciences and Renaissance Computing Institute (RENCI). Validation of CORA-GEC water levels compared to tide gauge observations was conducted in collaboration with the University of Hawaii Sea Level Center (UHSLC). This modeled dataset, also provides hourly water levels for unstructured grid nodes along state shorelines and in 500m structured grids. Secondary derived datasets including daily maximums (daily maxes), monthly statistics, and peak over thresholds are included for the structured 500m grids. Tidal datums, extreme water levels and sub-seasonal to annual high tide flooding predictions and outlooks are also among the derived products to be added. Moreover, the domain of the analysis will be expanded to the Pacific and the dataset to be included when it becomes available. To bridge gaps in reliable long-term water level and wave information vital to crucial decision making for coastal communities and emergency planners and responders across the United States and its territories. CORA is intended to enable the computation of tidal datums and predictions; reinforce decision support applications for determining coastal flooding spatial extent, frequency and severity; regional frequency analysis for extremes and evaluate changing flood risks near and away from existing water level gauges. https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/marine-science/articles/10.3389/fmars.2024.1381228/full https://doi.org/10.25923/5ypp-4e84 Theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords EARTH SCIENCE Theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords EARTH SCIENCE > CLIMATE INDICATORS > ATMOSPHERIC/OCEAN INDICATORS > SEA LEVEL RISE Theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords EARTH SCIENCE > CLIMATE INDICATORS > ATMOSPHERIC/OCEAN INDICATORS > SEA LEVEL RISE > INUNDATION Theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN WAVES > STORM SURGE Theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords EARTH 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Science Keywords EARTH SCIENCE > TERRESTRIAL HYDROSPHERE > SURFACE WATER > SURFACE WATER PROCESSES/MEASUREMENTS > INUNDATION > INUNDATION AMOUNT Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services Silver Spring MD Data Set Annually Model (digital) NOAA's Coastal Ocean Reanalysis (CORA) Dataset: 1979-2022 was accessed on DATE from https://registry.opendata.aws/noaa-nos-cora Data Steward 2025 Organization Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services CO-OPS https://ror.org/05vcng590 https://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/ Tides and Currents Online Resource Stakeholder Services Branch tide.predictions@noaa.gov 301-713-2815 Distributor 2025 Organization Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services CO-OPS https://ror.org/05vcng590 https://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/ Tides and Currents Online Resource Stakeholder Services Branch tide.predictions@noaa.gov 301-713-2815 Metadata Contact 2025 Organization Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services CO-OPS https://ror.org/05vcng590 https://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/ Tides and Currents Online Resource Stakeholder Services Branch tide.predictions@noaa.gov 301-713-2815 Point of Contact 2025 Organization Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services CO-OPS https://ror.org/05vcng590 https://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/ Tides and Currents Online Resource Stakeholder Services Branch tide.predictions@noaa.gov 301-713-2815 -98 -53.8 45.8 5.8 Range 1978 2022 Vertical EPSG:5714 MSL height Mean Sea Level 1 Gravity-related height H metre up Vertical EPSG:5703 NAVD88 height North American Vertical Datum 1988 1 Gravity-related height H metre up Geographic 2D EPSG:4326 WGS 84 World Geodetic System 1984 WGS 84 6378137 298.257223563 1 Geodetic Lattitude Lat degree north 2 Geodetic Longitude Lon degree east Geographic 3D EPSG:4979 WGS 84 World Geodetic System 1984 WGS 84 6378137 298.257223563 1 Geodetic Lattitude Lat degree north 2 Geodetic Longitude Lon degree east 3 Ellipsoidal height h metre up Standard CC0-1.0 https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ These data were produced by NOAA and are not subject to copyright protection in the United States. NOAA waives any potential copyright and related rights in these data worldwide through the Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication (CC0-1.0). Unclassified There are no constraints. There are no constraints. https://github.com/NOAA-CO-OPS/CORA-Coastal-Ocean-ReAnalysis-CORA 2025 Organization Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services https://ror.org/05vcng590 GitHub repository for accessing and visualizing data Web Service (Other) https://noaa-nos-cora-pds.s3.amazonaws.com/index.html 2025 Organization Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services https://ror.org/05vcng590 NOAA Open Data Dissemination (NODD) Program Amazon Web Services (AWS) Server Direct Link. 'V1.1' is the latest version of the dataset and is available in NetCDF format. NC - NetCDF https://registry.opendata.aws/noaa-nos-cora/ 2025 Organization Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services https://ror.org/05vcng590 NOAA Open Data Dissemination (NODD) Program Description page. NC - NetCDF https://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/cora.html 2025 Organization Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services https://ror.org/05vcng590 This is the landing page for CORA with additional resources. Web Service (Other) https://adcirc.org/home/documentation/users-manual-v50/parameter-definitions/ Online Resource ADCIRC Parameter Definitions https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/66833 NOAA's Coastal Ocean Reanalysis: Gulf of Mexico, Atlantic, and Caribbean Online Resource CORA's technical report on the Gulf, Atlantic and Caribbean region. https://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov Tides and Currents Website Online Resource NOAA Tides and Currents Home page https://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/cora.html CORA landing page Online Resource This is the landing page for CORA with additional resources. CORA performance was consistently weakest at water level stations located up coastal rivers, most likely due to inadequate resolution of these water bodies in the ADCIRC grid, a lack of riverine inflow, and fewer stations for assimilation. The meteorological forcing for this coastal water level reanalysis is from ECMWF's ERA5. At a spatial resolution of 0.25 degree, its representation of tropical cyclones tends to be less intense than observed, particularly for peak winds associated with stronger and/or more concentrated storms. Model performance is quite good overall with errors for hourly data and extremes typically within 10 cm, though accuracy can depend heavily on the location, time period, and use case of interest. Each year of the reanalysis is run independently to simplify overall simulation, staging, processing, and management of resources on HPC clusters. This also allows for concurrent simulation of multiple years. 1 Compute year-long prior/initial prediction of historical water levels is computed with the ADCIRC model using only tides and meteorological forcing Organization Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services CO-OPS https://ror.org/05vcng590 https://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/ Tides and Currents Online Resource 2 Perform initial/ prior skill assessment by comparing Prior water levels to NWLON observations and establish prior error timeseries and statistics. Organization Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services CO-OPS https://ror.org/05vcng590 https://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/ Tides and Currents Online Resource 3 Map errors onto ADCIRC grid by generating Dynamic Water Level Correction (DWLC) terms. Organization Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services CO-OPS https://ror.org/05vcng590 https://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/ Tides and Currents Online Resource 4 Compute posterior prediction through ADCIRC forcing of astronomical tides, ERAS meteorology and error surfaces (DWLC). Organization Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services CO-OPS https://ror.org/05vcng590 https://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/ Tides and Currents Online Resource 5 Perform final/ posterior skill assessment by comparing posterior water levels to NOWLON observations and establishing posterior error timeseries and statistics. Organization Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services CO-OPS https://ror.org/05vcng590 https://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/ Tides and Currents Online Resource Not Applicable Not Applicable gov.noaa.nmfs.inport:75048 Tigist Jima 2025-03-05T13:41:25 SysAdmin InPortAdmin 2026-03-04T19:17:17 2025-03-25 Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services CO-OPS 1002 Public No No 2025-03-25 1 Year 2026-03-25