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PIFSC Metadata Library > PIFSC Coral Reef Ecosystem Program (CREP) Metad... > National Coral Reef Monitoring Program > Pacific Remote Island Areas >

National Coral Reef Monitoring Program: Shallow Water Conductivity-Temperature-Depth (CTD) Profiles for select locations across the Pacific Remote Island Areas from 2014 to 2023

Data Set (DS)  |  Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC)
GUID: gov.noaa.nmfs.inport:21444  |  Updated: January 13, 2025  |  Published / External 
Summary
Item Identification
Keywords
Physical Location
Data Set Info
Support Roles
Extents
Access Info
Distribution Info
URLs
Tech Environment
Data Quality
Data Management
Lineage
Acquisition Info
Child Items
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Catalog Details

Summary

Short Citation
Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, 2025: National Coral Reef Monitoring Program: Shallow Water Conductivity-Temperature-Depth (CTD) Profiles for select locations across the Pacific Remote Island Areas from 2014 to 2023, https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/21444.
Full Citation Examples

DOI: doi:10.7289/V56M355M

Abstract

The data described here result from near-shore shallow water Conductivity-Temperature-Depth (CTD) casts conducted at select sites across the Mariana Archipelago as part of the ongoing National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP). These surveys were conducted by the NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), Ecosystem Sciences Division (ESD; formerly the Coral Reef Ecosystem Division) during ESD-led NCRMP missions to the PRIA from 2014 to 2023. The CTD casts provide vertical profiles (30-m max depth, downcast only) of water column conductivity, temperature, pressure, with calculated depth, salinity, and water density.

The CTD (Sea-Bird Electronics, SBE19-plus in 2014-2018, RBR Concerto in 2023) was deployed from a small boat using a hand line and held just under the surface for 1 minute to cycle water through the instrument and tubing. Afterward, data were collected by lowering the CTD in profiling mode at an even pace (descent rate ~0.5 to 0.75 meters per second) to a maximum depth of 30 m. Data processing was performed using Sea-Bird Scientific SBE or RBR Ruskin Data Processing Software and the R package "oce".

Distribution Information

  • ESD_NCRMP_CTD_2016_PRIA.csv
    CSV - Comma Separated Values (Text), 24 KB

    Shallow CTD profiles collected across the Pacific Remote Island Areas (PRIAs; Jarvis) by the PIFSC Ecosystem Sciences Division during the return transit from the 2016 American Samoa reef fish cruise (SE1602). Data include conductivity, temperature, pressure, depth, salinity, and density.

  • ESD_NCRMP_CTD_2016_PRIA_QC.pdf
    PDF - Adobe Portable Document Format, 144 KB

    Quality control report generated for CTD data from deployments from sites across the Pacific Remote Island Areas (PRIAs; Jarvis) by the PIFSC Ecosystem Sciences Division during the return transit of the 2016 American Samoa reef fish cruise (SE1602).

  • ESD_NCRMP_CTD_2015_PRIA.csv
    CSV - Comma Separated Values (Text), 328 KB

    Shallow CTD profiles collected across the Pacific Remote Island Areas (PRIAs; Howland, Baker, Jarvis, Kingman, Palmyra) by the PIFSC Ecosystem Sciences Division during ASRAMP 2015 (HA1501). Data include conductivity, temperature, pressure, depth, salinity, and density.

  • ESD_NCRMP_CTD_2015_PRIA_QC.pdf
    PDF - Adobe Portable Document Format, 167 KB

    Quality control report generated for CTD data from deployments from sites across the Pacific Remote Island Areas (PRIAs; Howland, Baker, Jarvis, Kingman, Palmyra) by the PIFSC Ecosystem Sciences Division during ASRAMP 2015 (HA1501).

  • ESD_NCRMP_CTD_2014_PRIA.csv
    CSV - Comma Separated Values (Text), 61 KB

    Shallow CTD profiles collected across the Pacific Remote Island Areas (PRIAs; Wake) by the PIFSC Ecosystem Sciences Division during MARAMP 2014 (HA1401). Data include conductivity, temperature, pressure, depth, salinity, and density.

  • ESD_NCRMP_CTD_2014_PRIA_QC.pdf
    PDF - Adobe Portable Document Format, 145 KB

    Quality control report generated for CTD data from deployments from sites across the Pacific Remote Island Areas (PRIAs; Wake) by the PIFSC Ecosystem Sciences Division during MARAMP 2014 (HA1401).

  • ESD_NCRMP_CTD_2017_PRIA.csv
    CSV - Comma Separated Values (Text), 29 KB

    Shallow CTD profiles collected across the Pacific Remote Island Areas (PRIAs; Baker, Jarvis, and Wake) by the PIFSC Ecosystem Sciences Division during MARAMP 2017 (HA1701). Data include conductivity, temperature, pressure, depth, salinity, and density.

  • ESD_NCRMP_CTD_2017_PRIA_QC.pdf
    PDF - Adobe Portable Document Format, 131 KB

    Quality control report generated for CTD data from deployments from sites across the Pacific Remote Island Areas (PRIAs; Baker, Jarvis, and Wake) by the PIFSC Ecosystem Sciences Division during MARAMP 2017 (HA1701).

  • ESD_NCRMP_CTD_2018_PRIA.csv
    CSV - Comma Separated Values (Text), 162 KB

    Shallow CTD profiles collected across the Pacific Remote Island Areas (PRIAs; Baker, Howland, Jarvis, Kingman and Palmyra) by the PIFSC Ecosystem Sciences Division during ASRAMP 2018 (HA1801). Data include conductivity, temperature, pressure, depth, salinity, and density.

  • ESD_NCRMP_CTD_2018_PRIA_QC.pdf
    PDF - Adobe Portable Document Format, 135 KB

    Quality control report generated for CTD data from deployments from sites across the Pacific Remote Island Areas (PRIAs; Baker, Howland, Jarvis, Kingman and Palmyra) by the PIFSC Ecosystem Sciences Division during ASRAMP 2018 (HA1801).

  • ESD_NCRMP_CTD_2023_PRIA.csv
    CSV - Comma Separated Values (Text), 175 KB

    Shallow CTD profiles collected across the Pacific Remote Island Areas (PRIAs; Howland, Baker, Palmyra) by the PIFSC Ecosystem Sciences Division in 2023. Data include conductivity, temperature, pressure, depth, salinity, and density.

  • ESD_NCRMP_CTD_2023_PRIA_QC.pdf
    PDF - Adobe Portable Document Format, 136 KB

    Quality control report generated for CTD data from deployments from sites across the Pacific Remote Island Areas (PRIAs; Howland, Baker, Palmyra) by the PIFSC Ecosystem Sciences Division in 2023.

Access Constraints:

None

Use Constraints:

Please cite PIFSC Ecosystem Sciences Division (ESD) when using the data.

Suggested Citation:

Ecosystem Sciences Division, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, 2024: National Coral Reef Monitoring Program: Shallow Water Conductivity-Temperature-Depth (CTD) Profiles for select locations across the Pacific Remote Island Areas from 2014 to 2023, https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/21444.

Controlled Theme Keywords

CONDUCTIVITY, CONDUCTIVITY PROFILES, CORAL REEF, DOC/NOAA/NMFS/PIFSC/ESD, OCEAN SALINITY, oceans

Child Items

Type Title
Entity ESD_NCRMP_CTD_DataDictionary_PRIAs

Contact Information

Point of Contact
Hannah C Barkley
hannah.barkley@noaa.gov

Metadata Contact
Lori H Luers
lori.luers@noaa.gov

Extents

Geographic Area 1

166.5888° W, 166.6618° E, 19.32551° N, 19.27069° S

Extent of CTD observations in the PRIAs in 2014 at Wake.

Geographic Area 2

-176.6239339° W, -159.9750266° E, 16.76342689° N, -0.38924175° S

Extent of CTD observations in the PRIAs in 2015 at Phoenix (Baker and Howland) and Line Islands (Jarvis, Kingman, and Palmyra), and Johnston Atoll.

Geographic Area 3

-160.0224816° W, -159.9642952° E, -0.35419283° N, -0.39154133° S

Extent of CTD observations in the PRIAs in 2016 at Jarvis.

Geographic Area 4

-176.6241345° W, -159.9710254° E, 6.43884156° N, -0.3819692° S

Extent of CTD observations in the PRIAs in 2018 at Phoenix (Baker and Howland) and Line Islands (Jarvis, Kingman, and Palmyra).

Geographic Area 5

166.6383° W, -159.7949° E, 19.31621882° N, -0.5544667° S

Extent of CTD observations in the PRIAs in 2017 at Baker, Jarvis, and Wake.

Geographic Area 6

-176.8792° W, -162.012° E, 6.093995° N, 0.18632° S

Extent of CTD observations in the PRIAs in 2023 at Phoenix (Baker and Howland) and Line Islands (Palmyra).

Time Frame 1
2015-01-26 - 2015-04-28

2015 NCRMP cruise to the Pacific Remote Island Areas (PRIAs) while in transit to American Samoa for ASRAMP 2015 (Legs 1 and 4). Time frame of CTD observations in 2015 from sites across Phoenix (Baker and Howland) and Johnston Islands during Leg 1 and Line Islands (Jarvis, Kingman, and Palmyra) during Leg 4.

Time Frame 2
2014-03-16 - 2014-03-19

2014 NCRMP cruise to the Pacific Remote Island Areas (PRIAs) while in transit to the Mariana Archipelago for MARAMP 2014 (Leg 1). Time frame of CTD observations in 2014 from sites across Wake Atoll.

Time Frame 3
2016-05-19 - 2016-05-23

2016 American Samoa reef fish cruise that transited to the Pacific Remote Island Areas (PRIAs). Time frame of CTD observations in 2016 from sites across Jarvis Island.

Time Frame 4
2018-06-08 - 2018-08-12

2018 NCRMP cruise to the Pacific Remote Island Areas (PRIAs) while in transit to American Samoa for ASRAMP 2018 (Legs 1 and 3). Time frame of CTD observations in 2016 from sites across Phoenix Islands (Baker and Howland) during Leg 1 and Line Islands (Jarvis, Kingman, and Palmyra) during Leg 3.

Time Frame 5
2017-04-03 - 2017-04-22

2017 NCRMP cruise to the Pacific Remote Island Areas (PRIAs) while in transit to Mariana Archipelago for MARAMP 2017 (Leg 1). Time frame of CTD observations in 2017 from sites across Baker, Jarvis, and Wake Islands.

Time Frame 6
2023-03-16 - 2023-06-25

2023 NCRMP cruise to the Pacific Remote Island Areas (PRIAs). Time frame of CTD observations in 2023 from sites across Phoenix Islands (Baker and Howland) and Line Islands (Palmyra).

Item Identification

Title: National Coral Reef Monitoring Program: Shallow Water Conductivity-Temperature-Depth (CTD) Profiles for select locations across the Pacific Remote Island Areas from 2014 to 2023
Short Name: NCRMP: CTD PRIAs
Status: On Going
Creation Date: 2016-12
Revision Date: 2024-08
Publication Date: 2024
Abstract:

The data described here result from near-shore shallow water Conductivity-Temperature-Depth (CTD) casts conducted at select sites across the Mariana Archipelago as part of the ongoing National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP). These surveys were conducted by the NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), Ecosystem Sciences Division (ESD; formerly the Coral Reef Ecosystem Division) during ESD-led NCRMP missions to the PRIA from 2014 to 2023. The CTD casts provide vertical profiles (30-m max depth, downcast only) of water column conductivity, temperature, pressure, with calculated depth, salinity, and water density.

The CTD (Sea-Bird Electronics, SBE19-plus in 2014-2018, RBR Concerto in 2023) was deployed from a small boat using a hand line and held just under the surface for 1 minute to cycle water through the instrument and tubing. Afterward, data were collected by lowering the CTD in profiling mode at an even pace (descent rate ~0.5 to 0.75 meters per second) to a maximum depth of 30 m. Data processing was performed using Sea-Bird Scientific SBE or RBR Ruskin Data Processing Software and the R package "oce".
Purpose:

CTD casts are conducted to characterize the spatial structure of the physical and chemical properties of the ocean environment influencing the living coral reef resources observed during NOAA National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP) missions.
Supplemental Information:

The NOAA National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP) details a long term approach to provide an ecosystem perspective via monitoring climate, fish, benthic, and socioeconomic variables in a consistent and integrated manner. The NCRMP coordinates various NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP) biological, physical, and human dimensions activities into a cohesive NOAA-wide effort. Through the implementation of the NCRMP, NOAA is able to clearly and concisely communicate results of national-scale monitoring to national, state, and territorial policy makers, resource managers, and the public on a periodic basis.

NCRMP is a framework for conducting sustained observations of biological, climate, and socioeconomic indicators at 10 priority coral reefs across the U.S. and its territories. This integrated approach consolidates monitoring of coral reefs under a uniform method in the Pacific, Atlantic, Caribbean, and the Gulf of Mexico for the first time. NCRMP is funded by the Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP) and supported by NOAA Fisheries, NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS), NOAA's Atlantic Oceanographic & Meteorological Laboratory (AOML), NOAA Coral Reef Watch, and many other partners. The Ecosystem Sciences Division (ESD) at NOAA Fisheries is leading in-situ climate monitoring in the U.S. Pacific Islands Region.

The climate component of NCRMP in the Pacific provides a comprehensive view of climate change impacts on coral reef ecosystems and helps identify areas of resilience and vulnerability. The key indicators used to identify and monitor climate-driven trends include 1) thermal stress caused by changes in sea temperature, 2) ocean acidification resulting from changes in carbonate chemistry, and 3) ecological impacts by collecting data on coral growth rates, erosion, and community structure to understand the impacts of thermal stress and ocean acidification on the ecosystem. Each year, ESD scientists work closely with CRCP and partners during Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program (RAMP) missions to collect data using moored oceanographic and ecological instruments stationed at fixed sites in the Pacific Ocean, and water samples collected by divers. The in-situ data and satellite-based observations are also used in modeling efforts. Innovative analysis techniques are used to develop products that give fellow scientists, managers, decision makers and the public a better understanding of a region's resources and how they are changing over time.
DOI (Digital Object Identifier): doi:10.7289/V56M355M
DOI Registration Authority: NOAA

Keywords

Theme Keywords

Thesaurus Keyword
Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords
DOC/NOAA/NMFS/PIFSC/ESD > Ecosystem Sciences Division, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords
EARTH SCIENCE > BIOSPHERE > ECOSYSTEMS > MARINE ECOSYSTEMS > REEF > CORAL REEF
Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords
EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > SALINITY/DENSITY > CONDUCTIVITY
Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords
EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > SALINITY/DENSITY > CONDUCTIVITY > CONDUCTIVITY PROFILES
Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords
EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > SALINITY/DENSITY > OCEAN SALINITY
ISO 19115 Topic Category
oceans
UNCONTROLLED
CoRIS Discovery Thesaurus Numeric Data Sets > Oceanography
CoRIS Theme Thesaurus EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Aquatic Habitat > Reef Habitat
CoRIS Theme Thesaurus EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment
CoRIS Theme Thesaurus EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > In Situ Physical
CoRIS Theme Thesaurus EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs
CoRIS Theme Thesaurus EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Ocean Pressure > Sea Level Pressure
CoRIS Theme Thesaurus EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Ocean Temperature > Water Temperature
CoRIS Theme Thesaurus EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Salinity/Density > Conductivity
CoRIS Theme Thesaurus EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Salinity/Density > Density
CoRIS Theme Thesaurus EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Salinity/Density > Salinity
CRCP Project 743
CRCP Project National Coral Reef Monitoring Program
NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS CONDUCTIVITY
NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS DEPTH - SENSOR
NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS PRESSURE - WATER [HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE]
NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS SALINITY
NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS SIGMA-T
NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS WATER TEMPERATURE
NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS in situ
NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS physical
NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS profile
NODC PROJECT NAMES THESAURUS Coral Reef Conservation Program
NODC PROJECT NAMES THESAURUS CORAL REEF STUDIES
NODC PROJECT NAMES THESAURUS National Coral Reef Monitoring Program
NODC PROJECT NAMES THESAURUS NODC Ocean Acidification Scientific Data Stewardship
NODC PROJECT NAMES THESAURUS US DOC; NOAA; Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research; Ocean Acidification Program
NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS US DOC; NOAA; NMFS; Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center; Ecosystem Sciences Division
None Climate Change
None Coral Reef Ecosystem Division
None Coral Reef Ecosystem Program
None CRED
None CREP
None Ecosystem Sciences Division
None ESD
None National Coral Reef Monitoring Program
None NCRMP
None Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center
None PIFSC
None RAMP
None Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program

Spatial Keywords

Thesaurus Keyword
Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords
OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > CENTRAL PACIFIC OCEAN > BAKER ISLAND
Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords
OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > CENTRAL PACIFIC OCEAN > HOWLAND ISLAND
Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords
OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > CENTRAL PACIFIC OCEAN > JARVIS ISLAND
Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords
OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > CENTRAL PACIFIC OCEAN > JOHNSTON ATOLL
Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords
OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > CENTRAL PACIFIC OCEAN > KINGMAN REEF
Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords
OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > CENTRAL PACIFIC OCEAN > PALMYRA ATOLL
Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords
OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > CENTRAL PACIFIC OCEAN > UNITED STATES MINOR OUTLYING ISLANDS
Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords
OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > CENTRAL PACIFIC OCEAN > WAKE ISLAND
UNCONTROLLED
CoRIS Place Thesaurus COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > USA Minor Outlying Islands > Baker Island (00N176W0001)
CoRIS Place Thesaurus COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > USA Minor Outlying Islands > Howland Island (00S176W0001)
CoRIS Place Thesaurus COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > USA Minor Outlying Islands > Jarvis Island (00S160W0001)
CoRIS Place Thesaurus COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > USA Minor Outlying Islands > Johnston Atoll (16N169W0001)
CoRIS Place Thesaurus COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > USA Minor Outlying Islands > Kingman Reef (06N162W0001)
CoRIS Place Thesaurus COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > USA Minor Outlying Islands > Palmyra Atoll (05N162W0001)
CoRIS Place Thesaurus COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > USA Minor Outlying Islands > Wake Atoll (19N167E0001)
CoRIS Place Thesaurus OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Baker Island > Baker Island (00N176W0001)
CoRIS Place Thesaurus OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Howland Island > Howland Island (00S176W0001)
CoRIS Place Thesaurus OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Johnston Atoll > Johnston Atoll (16N169W0001)
CoRIS Place Thesaurus OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Line Islands > Jarvis Island (00S160W0001)
CoRIS Place Thesaurus OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Line Islands > Kingman Reef (06N162W0001)
CoRIS Place Thesaurus OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Line Islands > Palmyra Atoll (05N162W0001)
CoRIS Place Thesaurus OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Wake Atoll > Wake Atoll (19N167E0001)
NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS Equatorial Pacific Ocean
NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument
None Pacific Remote Island Areas
None PRIA
None PRIMNM

Instrument Keywords

Thesaurus Keyword
Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords
CTD > Conductivity, Temperature, Depth
UNCONTROLLED
NODC INSTRUMENT TYPES THESAURUS CTD

Platform Keywords

Thesaurus Keyword
UNCONTROLLED
NODC PLATFORM NAMES THESAURUS HI'IALAKAI
NODC PLATFORM NAMES THESAURUS OSCAR ELTON SETTE
NODC PLATFORM NAMES THESAURUS SMALL BOAT

Physical Location

Organization: Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center
City: Honolulu
State/Province: HI
Country: USA

Data Set Information

Data Set Scope Code: Data Set
Data Set Type: CSV Files
Maintenance Frequency: As Needed
Maintenance Note:

Initially published in 2017. Updated in March 2021, and again in August 2024.
Data Presentation Form: Table (digital)
Entity Attribute Overview:

CTD data include metadata for each observation and conductivity, temperature, and pressure observations with calculated depth, salinity and density.
Entity Attribute Detail URL: https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/36717
Distribution Liability:

While every effort has been made to ensure that these data are accurate and reliable within the limits of the current state of the art, NOAA cannot assume liability for any damages caused by errors or omissions in the data, nor as a result of the failure of the data to function on a particular system. NOAA makes no warranty, expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty.
Data Set Credit: NOAA Fisheries, PIFSC Ecosystem Sciences Division and partners, and funded by the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program and NOAA Ocean Acidification Program

Support Roles

Data Set Credit

CC ID: 380638
Date Effective From: 2014
Date Effective To:
Contact (Organization): NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP)
Address: 1305 East West Highway 10th Floor
Silver Spring, MD 20910-3281
Phone: (301) 713-3155
URL: https://coralreef.noaa.gov

Data Steward

CC ID: 834134
Date Effective From: 2018
Date Effective To:
Contact (Person): Barkley, Hannah C
Address: 1845 Wasp Blvd.
Honolulu, HI 96818
USA
Email Address: hannah.barkley@noaa.gov

Distributor

CC ID: 180813
Date Effective From: 2017
Date Effective To:
Contact (Organization): NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)
Email Address: ncei.info@noaa.gov
URL: NCEI Contact Information

Metadata Contact

CC ID: 1344947
Date Effective From: 2021
Date Effective To:
Contact (Person): Luers, Lori H
Address: 1845 Wasp Blvd.
Honolulu, HI 96818
USA
Email Address: lori.luers@noaa.gov

Originator

CC ID: 165587
Date Effective From: 2014
Date Effective To:
Contact (Organization): Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC)
Address: 1845 Wasp Blvd.
Honolulu, HI 96818
USA
Email Address: pifsc.info@noaa.gov
Phone: 808-725-5360
URL: https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov
Business Hours: 8:00 a.m. - 4:30 p.m.

Point of Contact

CC ID: 834135
Date Effective From: 2018
Date Effective To:
Contact (Person): Barkley, Hannah C
Address: 1845 Wasp Blvd.
Honolulu, HI 96818
USA
Email Address: hannah.barkley@noaa.gov
View Historical Support Roles

Extents

Currentness Reference: Ground Condition

Extent Group 1

Extent Description:

Pacific Remote Island Areas

Extent Group 1 / Geographic Area 1

CC ID: 256455
W° Bound: 166.5888
E° Bound: 166.6618
N° Bound: 19.32551
S° Bound: 19.27069
Description

Extent of CTD observations in the PRIAs in 2014 at Wake.

Extent Group 1 / Geographic Area 2

CC ID: 256456
W° Bound: -176.6239339
E° Bound: -159.9750266
N° Bound: 16.76342689
S° Bound: -0.38924175
Description

Extent of CTD observations in the PRIAs in 2015 at Phoenix (Baker and Howland) and Line Islands (Jarvis, Kingman, and Palmyra), and Johnston Atoll.

Extent Group 1 / Geographic Area 3

CC ID: 381236
W° Bound: -160.0224816
E° Bound: -159.9642952
N° Bound: -0.35419283
S° Bound: -0.39154133
Description

Extent of CTD observations in the PRIAs in 2016 at Jarvis.

Extent Group 1 / Geographic Area 4

CC ID: 834325
W° Bound: -176.6241345
E° Bound: -159.9710254
N° Bound: 6.43884156
S° Bound: -0.3819692
Description

Extent of CTD observations in the PRIAs in 2018 at Phoenix (Baker and Howland) and Line Islands (Jarvis, Kingman, and Palmyra).

Extent Group 1 / Geographic Area 5

CC ID: 834136
W° Bound: 166.6383
E° Bound: -159.7949
N° Bound: 19.31621882
S° Bound: -0.5544667
Description

Extent of CTD observations in the PRIAs in 2017 at Baker, Jarvis, and Wake.

Extent Group 1 / Geographic Area 6

CC ID: 1344948
W° Bound: -176.8792
E° Bound: -162.012
N° Bound: 6.093995
S° Bound: 0.18632
Description

Extent of CTD observations in the PRIAs in 2023 at Phoenix (Baker and Howland) and Line Islands (Palmyra).

Extent Group 1 / Time Frame 1

CC ID: 381235
Time Frame Type: Range
Start: 2015-01-26
End: 2015-04-28
Alternate Start As Of Info: HA1501
Alternate End As Of Info: HA 1501
Description:

2015 NCRMP cruise to the Pacific Remote Island Areas (PRIAs) while in transit to American Samoa for ASRAMP 2015 (Legs 1 and 4). Time frame of CTD observations in 2015 from sites across Phoenix (Baker and Howland) and Johnston Islands during Leg 1 and Line Islands (Jarvis, Kingman, and Palmyra) during Leg 4.

Extent Group 1 / Time Frame 2

CC ID: 256457
Time Frame Type: Range
Start: 2014-03-16
End: 2014-03-19
Alternate Start As Of Info: HA1401
Alternate End As Of Info: HA1401
Description:

2014 NCRMP cruise to the Pacific Remote Island Areas (PRIAs) while in transit to the Mariana Archipelago for MARAMP 2014 (Leg 1). Time frame of CTD observations in 2014 from sites across Wake Atoll.

Extent Group 1 / Time Frame 3

CC ID: 381237
Time Frame Type: Range
Start: 2016-05-19
End: 2016-05-23
Alternate Start As Of Info: SE1602
Alternate End As Of Info: SE1602
Description:

2016 American Samoa reef fish cruise that transited to the Pacific Remote Island Areas (PRIAs). Time frame of CTD observations in 2016 from sites across Jarvis Island.

Extent Group 1 / Time Frame 4

CC ID: 834323
Time Frame Type: Range
Start: 2018-06-08
End: 2018-08-12
Alternate Start As Of Info: HA1801
Alternate End As Of Info: HA1801
Description:

2018 NCRMP cruise to the Pacific Remote Island Areas (PRIAs) while in transit to American Samoa for ASRAMP 2018 (Legs 1 and 3). Time frame of CTD observations in 2016 from sites across Phoenix Islands (Baker and Howland) during Leg 1 and Line Islands (Jarvis, Kingman, and Palmyra) during Leg 3.

Extent Group 1 / Time Frame 5

CC ID: 834138
Time Frame Type: Range
Start: 2017-04-03
End: 2017-04-22
Alternate Start As Of Info: HA1701
Alternate End As Of Info: HA1701
Description:

2017 NCRMP cruise to the Pacific Remote Island Areas (PRIAs) while in transit to Mariana Archipelago for MARAMP 2017 (Leg 1). Time frame of CTD observations in 2017 from sites across Baker, Jarvis, and Wake Islands.

Extent Group 1 / Time Frame 6

CC ID: 1344949
Time Frame Type: Range
Start: 2023-03-16
End: 2023-06-25
Alternate Start As Of Info: RA2301
Alternate End As Of Info: RA2301
Description:

2023 NCRMP cruise to the Pacific Remote Island Areas (PRIAs). Time frame of CTD observations in 2023 from sites across Phoenix Islands (Baker and Howland) and Line Islands (Palmyra).

Access Information

Security Class: Unclassified
Security Classification System:

Not applicable
Security Handling Description:

Not applicable
Data Access Policy:

NOAA Ecosystem Science Division (ESD) Data Sharing Recommendations, version 9.0 updated August 12, 2015:

ESD welcomes the opportunity to collaborate on research issues contributing to the scientific basis for better management of marine ecosystems. ESD has a very diverse set of field activities that generates large volumes of data using an array of data collection protocols.

The following recommendations are for your consideration as you use this data:

1) Data analyses should take all field exigencies into account. The most effective way to do this would be active collaboration with ESD principal investigators.

2) In all presentations, product releases, or publications using data generated by ESD, proper acknowledgement of both ESD and the individuals responsible for data collection is expected. Citing the DOI (if available) is preferred, a non-DOI example is listed below.

3) If you collect or generate data for the same study areas, ESD requests that you share relevant information on complimentary data collections.

4) Those receiving data are strongly urged to inform the ESD Data Management Team of any errors and discrepancies that are discovered during the course of using these data. They are further urged to bring to the attention of the Team all problems and difficulties encountered in using these data. This information is necessary in order to improve the collections and to facilitate more efficient and economical data processing and retrieval. The users are asked to supply copies of any missing data that may be located, and to provide information as to significant subsets and special aggregations of data that are developed in using the material provided.

Example citation:

"This publication makes use of data products provided by the Ecosystem Science Division (ESD), Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), with funding support from the NOAA Ocean Acidification Program (OAP). The analysis and interpretations presented here are solely that of the current authors.
Data Access Procedure:

Data can be accessed online via the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) Ocean Archive.
Data Access Constraints:

None
Data Use Constraints:

Please cite PIFSC Ecosystem Sciences Division (ESD) when using the data.

Suggested Citation:

Ecosystem Sciences Division, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, 2024: National Coral Reef Monitoring Program: Shallow Water Conductivity-Temperature-Depth (CTD) Profiles for select locations across the Pacific Remote Island Areas from 2014 to 2023, https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/21444.
Metadata Access Constraints:

None
Metadata Use Constraints:

None

Distribution Information

Distribution 1

CC ID: 380650
Download URL: https://accession.nodc.noaa.gov/0162245
Distributor: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) (2017 - Present)
File Name: ESD_NCRMP_CTD_2016_PRIA.csv
Description:

Shallow CTD profiles collected across the Pacific Remote Island Areas (PRIAs; Jarvis) by the PIFSC Ecosystem Sciences Division during the return transit from the 2016 American Samoa reef fish cruise (SE1602). Data include conductivity, temperature, pressure, depth, salinity, and density.
File Date/Time: 2021-03-03 17:08:00
File Type (Deprecated): csv (comma-separated values)
Distribution Format: CSV - Comma Separated Values (Text)
File Size: 24 KB

Distribution 2

CC ID: 1048923
Download URL: https://accession.nodc.noaa.gov/0162245
Distributor: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) (2017 - Present)
File Name: ESD_NCRMP_CTD_2016_PRIA_QC.pdf
Description:

Quality control report generated for CTD data from deployments from sites across the Pacific Remote Island Areas (PRIAs; Jarvis) by the PIFSC Ecosystem Sciences Division during the return transit of the 2016 American Samoa reef fish cruise (SE1602).
File Date/Time: 2021-03-03 17:38:00
File Type (Deprecated): PDF
Distribution Format: PDF - Adobe Portable Document Format
File Size: 144 KB

Distribution 3

CC ID: 380649
Download URL: https://accession.nodc.noaa.gov/0162247
Distributor: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) (2017 - Present)
File Name: ESD_NCRMP_CTD_2015_PRIA.csv
Description:

Shallow CTD profiles collected across the Pacific Remote Island Areas (PRIAs; Howland, Baker, Jarvis, Kingman, Palmyra) by the PIFSC Ecosystem Sciences Division during ASRAMP 2015 (HA1501). Data include conductivity, temperature, pressure, depth, salinity, and density.
File Date/Time: 2021-03-02 10:48:00
File Type (Deprecated): csv (comma-separated values)
Distribution Format: CSV - Comma Separated Values (Text)
File Size: 328 KB

Distribution 4

CC ID: 1048922
Download URL: https://accession.nodc.noaa.gov/0162247
Distributor: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) (2017 - Present)
File Name: ESD_NCRMP_CTD_2015_PRIA_QC.pdf
Description:

Quality control report generated for CTD data from deployments from sites across the Pacific Remote Island Areas (PRIAs; Howland, Baker, Jarvis, Kingman, Palmyra) by the PIFSC Ecosystem Sciences Division during ASRAMP 2015 (HA1501).
File Date/Time: 2021-03-03 08:27:00
File Type (Deprecated): PDF
Distribution Format: PDF - Adobe Portable Document Format
File Size: 167 KB

Distribution 5

CC ID: 165528
Download URL: https://accession.nodc.noaa.gov/0162248
Distributor: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) (2017 - Present)
File Name: ESD_NCRMP_CTD_2014_PRIA.csv
Description:

Shallow CTD profiles collected across the Pacific Remote Island Areas (PRIAs; Wake) by the PIFSC Ecosystem Sciences Division during MARAMP 2014 (HA1401). Data include conductivity, temperature, pressure, depth, salinity, and density.
File Date/Time: 2021-03-02 10:31:00
File Type (Deprecated): csv (comma-separated values)
Distribution Format: CSV - Comma Separated Values (Text)
File Size: 61 KB

Distribution 6

CC ID: 1048921
Download URL: https://accession.nodc.noaa.gov/0162248
Distributor: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) (2017 - Present)
File Name: ESD_NCRMP_CTD_2014_PRIA_QC.pdf
Description:

Quality control report generated for CTD data from deployments from sites across the Pacific Remote Island Areas (PRIAs; Wake) by the PIFSC Ecosystem Sciences Division during MARAMP 2014 (HA1401).
File Date/Time: 2021-03-03 08:22:00
File Type (Deprecated): PDF
Distribution Format: PDF - Adobe Portable Document Format
File Size: 145 KB

Distribution 7

CC ID: 834139
Download URL: https://accession.nodc.noaa.gov/0226041
Distributor: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) (2017 - Present)
File Name: ESD_NCRMP_CTD_2017_PRIA.csv
Description:

Shallow CTD profiles collected across the Pacific Remote Island Areas (PRIAs; Baker, Jarvis, and Wake) by the PIFSC Ecosystem Sciences Division during MARAMP 2017 (HA1701). Data include conductivity, temperature, pressure, depth, salinity, and density.
File Date/Time: 2021-02-23 14:12:00
File Type (Deprecated): csv (comma-separated values)
Distribution Format: CSV - Comma Separated Values (Text)
File Size: 29 KB

Distribution 8

CC ID: 1044580
Download URL: https://accession.nodc.noaa.gov/0226041
Distributor: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) (2017 - Present)
File Name: ESD_NCRMP_CTD_2017_PRIA_QC.pdf
Description:

Quality control report generated for CTD data from deployments from sites across the Pacific Remote Island Areas (PRIAs; Baker, Jarvis, and Wake) by the PIFSC Ecosystem Sciences Division during MARAMP 2017 (HA1701).
File Date/Time: 2021-02-23 14:46:00
File Type (Deprecated): PDF
Distribution Format: PDF - Adobe Portable Document Format
File Size: 131 KB

Distribution 9

CC ID: 834140
Download URL: https://accession.nodc.noaa.gov/0227441
Distributor: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) (2017 - Present)
File Name: ESD_NCRMP_CTD_2018_PRIA.csv
Description:

Shallow CTD profiles collected across the Pacific Remote Island Areas (PRIAs; Baker, Howland, Jarvis, Kingman and Palmyra) by the PIFSC Ecosystem Sciences Division during ASRAMP 2018 (HA1801). Data include conductivity, temperature, pressure, depth, salinity, and density.
File Date/Time: 2021-02-23 14:16:00
File Type (Deprecated): csv (comma-separated values)
Distribution Format: CSV - Comma Separated Values (Text)
File Size: 162 KB

Distribution 10

CC ID: 1044579
Download URL: https://accession.nodc.noaa.gov/0227441
Distributor: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) (2017 - Present)
File Name: ESD_NCRMP_CTD_2018_PRIA_QC.pdf
Description:

Quality control report generated for CTD data from deployments from sites across the Pacific Remote Island Areas (PRIAs; Baker, Howland, Jarvis, Kingman and Palmyra) by the PIFSC Ecosystem Sciences Division during ASRAMP 2018 (HA1801).
File Date/Time: 2021-02-23 14:40:00
File Type (Deprecated): PDF
Distribution Format: PDF - Adobe Portable Document Format
File Size: 135 KB

Distribution 11

CC ID: 1344950
Start Date: 2025-01
End Date: Present
Download URL: https://accession.nodc.noaa.gov/0300660
Distributor: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) (2017 - Present)
File Name: ESD_NCRMP_CTD_2023_PRIA.csv
Description:

Shallow CTD profiles collected across the Pacific Remote Island Areas (PRIAs; Howland, Baker, Palmyra) by the PIFSC Ecosystem Sciences Division in 2023. Data include conductivity, temperature, pressure, depth, salinity, and density.
File Date/Time: 2024-08-21 12:37:00
Distribution Format: CSV - Comma Separated Values (Text)
File Size: 175 KB

Distribution 12

CC ID: 1344951
Start Date: 2025-01
End Date: Present
Download URL: https://accession.nodc.noaa.gov/0300660
Distributor: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) (2017 - Present)
File Name: ESD_NCRMP_CTD_2023_PRIA_QC.pdf
Description:

Quality control report generated for CTD data from deployments from sites across the Pacific Remote Island Areas (PRIAs; Howland, Baker, Palmyra) by the PIFSC Ecosystem Sciences Division in 2023.
File Date/Time: 2024-08-21 12:45:00
Distribution Format: PDF - Adobe Portable Document Format
File Size: 136 KB

URLs

URL 1

CC ID: 165595
URL: https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/ecosystem_sciences/
Name: Ecosystem Sciences Division
URL Type:
Online Resource
Description:

PIFSC Ecosystem Sciences Division web page

URL 2

CC ID: 380639
URL: https://www.coris.noaa.gov/monitoring/
Name: NOAA National Coral Reef Monitoring Program
URL Type:
Online Resource
Description:

Information about the NOAA National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP) on the NOAA Coral Reef Information System website.

URL 3

CC ID: 1048924
URL: https://oceanacidification.noaa.gov/
Name: NOAA Ocean Acidification Program (OAP)
URL Type:
Online Resource
Description:

Information about the NOAA Ocean Acidification Program (OAP).

Technical Environment

Description:

Raw CTD profile data are downloaded as .RSK or .HEX files, processed using Sea-Bird Scientific SBE Data Processing or Ruskin Software and the R package "oce", and saved as .CSV and .CNV files. The processed files have been transitionally migrated to the NOAA Fisheries Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC) enterprise Oracle database in preparation for the implementation of adding OCC data entry into the existing Oracle APEX mission application. Data are then extracted from the Oracle database and distributed to the NOAA ocean data archive by region and year.

Data Quality

Accuracy:

SBE-19plus CTD sensor:

Conductivity - measurement range: 0-9 S/m; accuracy: +/- 0.0005 S/m; stability: 0.0003 S/m per month; resolution: 0.00005 S/m;

Temperature - measurement range: -5-35 deg C; accuracy: +/-0.005 deg C; stability: 0.0002 deg C per month; resolution: 0.0001 deg C;

Pressure - measurement range: 0-600 m; accuracy: +/- 0.1%; stability: +/- 0.1%; resolution: 0.002%

RBR Concerto3 CTD sensor:

Conductivity - measurement range: 0-85 mS/cm; accuracy: +/- 0.003 mS/cm; stability: 0.010 mS/cm/year; resolution: 0.001 mS/cm

Pressure - measurement range: 0-500 m; accuracy: +/- 0.05% full scale; stability: +/- 0.05% full scale/year; resolution: 0.001% full scale

Temperature - measurement range: -5-35 deg C; accuracy: +/-0.002 deg C; stability: 0.002 deg C per month; resolution: 0.00005 deg C
Completeness Report:

Obviously erroneous data have been removed from the final dataset. Missing values are indicated with a blank.
Conceptual Consistency:

The same methods of data collection are used each time a CTD cast is conducted. Conductivity, temperature, pressure, depth, salinity, and density are included in the observation dataset.
Quality Control Procedures Employed:

The data is quality controlled by NOAA PIFSC Ecosystem Sciences Division (ESD) personnel after the data is downloaded from the instruments, prior to and after the data are migrated to the PIFSC enterprise Oracle database, and once again when the data are submitted to the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information.

Data Management

Have Resources for Management of these Data Been Identified?: Yes
Approximate Percentage of Budget for these Data Devoted to Data Management: Unknown
Do these Data Comply with the Data Access Directive?: Yes
Is Access to the Data Limited Based on an Approved Waiver?: No
Approximate Delay Between Data Collection and Dissemination: Unknown
Actual or Planned Long-Term Data Archive Location: NCEI-MD
Approximate Delay Between Data Collection and Archiving: Unknown
How Will the Data Be Protected from Accidental or Malicious Modification or Deletion Prior to Receipt by the Archive?:

The data is captured in several locations: files stored on the cruise server during the mission and the PIFSC network, and data are imported post-cruise into the PIFSC enterprise Oracle database. The cruise server is regularly backed up by the cruise data manager while at sea, and the PIFSC network is maintained and regularly backed up by PIFSC ITS.

Lineage

Lineage Statement:

Following a 1 minute soak, CTDs are usually deployed 5-10 feet above the reef at depths ranging from 0-30 m at permanent monitoring sites established by the NOAA Fisheries, Ecosystem Sciences Division.

Sources

RK Hoeke, JM Gove, E Smith, P Fisher-Pool, M Lammers, D Merritt, OJ Vetter, CW Young, KB Wong & RE Brainard (2009) Coral reef ecosystem integrated observing system: In-situ oceanographic observations at the US Pacific islands and atolls, Journal of Operational Oceanography, 2:2, 3-14, DOI: 10.1080/1755876X.2009.12027737

CC ID: 834141
Contact Role Type: Originator
Contact Type: Organization
Contact Name: Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center
Publish Date: 2009-01-01
Citation URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/1755876X.2009.12027737
Citation URL Name: Journal of Operational Oceanography
Citation URL Description:

The PIFSC Ecosystem Sciences Division's oceanography team collects data using a variety of methods as described in this paper on in-situ oceanographic observations.
Source Contribution:

Protocol

Process Steps

Process Step 1

CC ID: 256772
Description:

A CTD is deployed from a small boat using a hand line: SBE 19plus SEACAT Profiler was used in 2014 and 2017 and a RBR Concerto3 was used in 2022 . The CTD is held just under the surface (~1m) for 1 minute to cycle water through the instrument and tubing. Afterwards, the CTD is lowered in profiling mode, at an even, hand-over-hand pace (descent rate ~0.5 to 0.75 meters per second) to a depth roughly 5-10 feet above the reef (maximum depth of 30m). Once the target depth is reached, the CTD is immediately pulled back on board. A GPS waypoint is taken at the beginning of the cast to mark the position and time.
Process Contact: Barkley, Hannah C
Email Address: hannah.barkley@noaa.gov
Source: RK Hoeke, JM Gove, E Smith, P Fisher-Pool, M Lammers, D Merritt, OJ Vetter, CW Young, KB Wong & RE Brainard (2009) Coral reef ecosystem integrated observing system: In-situ oceanographic observations at the US Pacific islands and atolls, Journal of Operational Oceanography, 2:2, 3-14, DOI: 10.1080/1755876X.2009.12027737

Process Step 2

CC ID: 1044581
Description:

Raw profile data from the SBE19+ are downloaded from the CTD as .HEX and converted to .CNV using the manufacturer-provided instrument-specific configuration file in Sea-Bird Scientific SBE Data Processing Software.

Raw profile data from the RBR Concerto3 are downloaded from the CTD as .RSK and converted to .CSV using the manufacturer-provided instrument-specific Ruskin Software.

Profiles are then trimmed to downcast only, any erroneous data spikes are filtered out, the surface equilibration period is removed, and data are binned into 1-m depth bins in R using the package "oce". Processed profile data are then exported as .CSV files.
Process Contact: Barkley, Hannah C
Email Address: hannah.barkley@noaa.gov

Acquisition Information

Instruments

Instrument 1

CC ID: 1344952
Identifier: RBR Concerto3 CTD
Instrument / Gear: Instrument
Instrument Type: CTD
Description:

The RBR Concerto3 CTD measures conductivity, temperature, and pressure (depth) and provides high accuracy and resolution, reliability, and ease-of-use for a wide range of research, monitoring, and engineering applications.

Instrument 2

CC ID: 834142
Identifier: SBE 19plus V2
Docucomp UUID: d834d7e0-70dd-11e0-a1f0-0800200c9a66
Instrument / Gear: Instrument
Instrument Type: conductivity, temperature, depth
Description:

The SBE 19plus V2 (Version 2) SEACAT Profiler measures conductivity, temperature, and pressure (depth) and provides high accuracy and resolution, reliability, and ease-of-use for a wide range of research, monitoring, and engineering applications. The pump-controlled, TC-ducted flow configuration minimizes salinity spiking caused by ship heave and allows for slow descent rates without slowing sensor responses, improving dynamic accuracy and resolving small scale structure in the water column.

Platforms

Platform Unavailable Reason: Not Applicable

Child Items

Rubric scores updated every 15m

Rubric Score Type Title
Entity ESD_NCRMP_CTD_DataDictionary_PRIAs

Catalog Details

Catalog Item ID: 21444
GUID: gov.noaa.nmfs.inport:21444
Metadata Record Created By: Sarah A O'Connor
Metadata Record Created: 2014-02-28 11:26+0000
Metadata Record Last Modified By: Lori H Luers
Metadata Record Last Modified: 2025-01-13 22:24+0000
Metadata Record Published: 2025-01-13
Owner Org: PIFSC
Metadata Publication Status: Published Externally
Do Not Publish?: N
Metadata Last Review Date: 2021-03-10
Metadata Review Frequency: 1 Year
Metadata Next Review Date: 2022-03-10