Long Island Sound 2016 HABITATS

This feature class resides within the BIOLOGY Feature Data Set of the Long Island Sound - 2016 ESI Geodatabase. It contains vector polygons representing sensitive biological resource data for 161 plant species (habitat) in Long Island Sound. The study area includes Long Island Sound, tidal tributaries, freshwater streams, lakes, and land areas in New York and Connecticut. In this atlas, these species include both upland and emergent wetland plants. Plant species considered Submerged Aquatic Vegetation (SAV) are generally included in the BENTHIC layer, not in the HABITAT layer. Vector polygons in this data set represent habitat (plant) species distributions, concentration areas, areas of high ecological value or vulnerable occurrence. Several sources of data were used, and several subject matter experts were consulted to develop the information.

Species-specific abundance, seasonality, status, life history, and source information are stored in associated data tables (described in Entity Attribute Overview below) designed to be used in conjunction with this spatial data layer. This data set is a portion of the ESI data for Long Island Sound.

As a whole, the ESI data characterize the marine and coastal environments and wildlife by their sensitivity to spilled oil, and include information for three main components: shoreline habitats, sensitive biological resources, and human-use resources.

The ESI data are intended to provide baseline environmental data for oil spill planning and response. The Clean Water Act with amendments by the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 requires response plans for immediate and effective protection of sensitive resources. The ESI data may be appropriate for many other coastal management efforts, though the original intent should be kept in mind.

Developed from MERMAid record number 1556. Converted from Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata (version FGDC-STD-001-1998) using 'fgdc_to_inport_xml.pl' script in April 2017. Contact Tyler Christensen (NOS) for details.

Prepared by NOAA, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, Silver Spring, Maryland for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Ocean Service, Office of Response and Restoration, Emergency Response Division, Seattle, Washington

Data content is considered static once published. However, if issues with the Geodatabase linkages or table contents are identified, the Geodatabase and/or the associated Map Document may be updated. Assure most current data is being used by downloading from https://response.restoration.noaa.gov/esi_download and/or comparing modification dates provided at this site.

The primary attribute tables associated with the ESI biology data are BIOFILE, SOURCES, and BREED_DT. The geographic data layer containing biological resource information (in this case, HABITATS) is linked to the BIOFILE using the RARNUM field. There is a many-to-many relationship from the data layer to the BIOFILE, as an RARNUM may be repeated in several geographic features. Likewise, in the BIOFILE, the same RARNUM may appear in multiple records, representing a unique combination of species found in that region. To be represented by the same RARNUM, these species groups must also share the same seasonality, concentration, mapping qualifier, and source information.

The items in the BIOFILE are ELEMENT, SUBELEMENT, NAME, GEN_SPEC, S, F, STATE, S_DATE, F_DATE, GRANK, GRANKDATE, MAPPING_QUALIFIER, CONC, JAN, FEB, MAR, APR, MAY, JUN, JUL, AUG, SEP, OCT, NOV, DEC, BREED1, BREED2, BREED3, BREED4, BREED5, RARNUM, G_SOURCE, S_SOURCE, and BREED. The G_SOURCE and S_SOURCE fields provide links to the SOURCES table, where object level source information is available. The BREED field is the link to the BREED_DT table, where searchable breed information is provided. The links to both of these tables are also many-to-many.

During the collection of the ESI data, six relational data tables are used to store the attribute data. These are the BIORES, BREED, SEASONAL, SOURCES, SPECIES, and STATUS tables. When we create new ESI data, we populate these tables to maintain the integrity of the data collected. Once completed, all information populating these tables is collapsed into the BIOFILE to ease data queries and general usability of the final product.

A complete description of entity types, attributes, and attribute values for ESI atlases can be found in the NOAA ESI Guidelines. This includes documentation of the six relational tables (mentioned above) used during data collection.

Although these data have been processed and used successfully on a computer system at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), no warranty, expressed or implied, is made by NOAA regarding the utility of the data on any other system, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. NOAA warrants the delivery of this product in computer-readable format. If problems are encountered in downloading the ESI data or with file corruption, contact NOAA (see Distributor). These data represent a snapshot in time and temporal changes may have occurred. The data are not intended to include all biological or human-use resources present in an area; they focus on species and resources particularly sensitive to oiling. In the event of a spill, they should be used for a first assessment only. The data providers are the experts with regard to individual resources. They should be contacted to confirm if more current data exist or if in-depth information is needed about a particular resource.

Data can be accessed by downloading the zipped ArcGIS geodatabase from the Download URL (see Distribution Information). Questions can be directed to the ESI Program Manager (Point Of Contact).

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DO NOT USE MAPS FOR NAVIGATIONAL PURPOSES. Management boundaries are not to be considered legal boundaries. Edges may have been altered for cartographic processes. Note that the ESI database should not be used to the exclusion of other pertinent data or information held by state or federal agencies or other organizations. Likewise, information contained in the database cannot be used in place of consultations with environmental, natural resource, and cultural resource agencies, or in place of field surveys. Recognize that the information contained in the ESI database represents known concentration areas or occurrences of natural, cultural, and human-use resources, but does not necessarily represent the full distribution or range of each species or resource. This is particularly important to recognize when considering potential impacts to protected resources, such as endangered species, wetlands, etc. Besides the above warnings, there are no use constraints on these data. Acknowledgment of the originators, publishers, contributors, and sources listed would be appreciated in products derived from these data.

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The software packages used to develop the atlas are Environmental Systems Research Institute's ArcGIS for Desktop 10.4(R) and SQL SERVER(R) (version 2005). The hardware configuration is PCs with Windows Operating System 7.

A multi-stage error checking process is used to verify both attribute accuracy and logical consistency throughout data production. The process includes a standardized data entry methodology, data review by in-house and external resource experts, a final Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) process, and multiple automated logical consistency checks. Quantitative data (such as densities, counts, abundances, or concentrations) provided by resource experts for inclusion in the data set may vary widely in attribute accuracy, depending upon the methodology used to collect and compile such data. For a more detailed evaluation of source data attribute accuracy, contact the sources listed in the Lineage section.

These data represent a synthesis of sources of data, e.g., expert knowledge, available hardcopy documents, survey data, maps, and digital data on habitat (plant species) distributions in the Long Island Sound study area. These data do not represent all plant species (habitat) occurrences in the Long Island Sound study area. The following 161 species are included in this data set: (Species_ID, Common Name, Scientific Name or "n/a" if not applicable): 14, Carey's smartweed, Persicaria careyi; 41, Scirpus-like rush, Juncus scirpoides; 42, Woolly beachheather, Hudsonia tomentosa; 51, Spotted pondweed, Potamogeton pulcher; 82, Saltmarsh false foxglove, Agalinis maritima; 113, Spikerushes, Eleocharis spp.; 132, Bitter panicum, Panicum amarum; 139, Eaton's beggars-tick, Bidens eatonii; 154, Barton's St. John's-wort, Hypericum adpressum; 165, Featherfoil, Hottonia inflata; 183, Red pigweed, Chenopodium rubrum; 187, Seaside knotweed, Polygonum glaucum; 191, Short-fruited rush, Juncus brachycarpus; 206, Saltmarsh spikerush, Eleocharis halophila; 214, Rare plant, n/a; 290, Appalachian stitchwort, Minuartia glabra; 318, Sandplain gerardia, Agalinis acuta; 319, Bushy rockrose, Helianthemum dumosum; 502, Northern gamma grass, Tripsacum dactyloides; 503, Sea pink, Sabatia stellaris; 601, Smooth hedge-nettle, Stachys tenuifolia; 603, Willdenow's sedge, Carex basiantha; 607, Bog smartweed, Polygonum setaceum; 609, Lesser snakeroot, Ageratina aromatica; 612, Silverweed cinquefoil, Potentilla anserina ssp. anserina; 613, Slimspike threeawn, Aristida longespica; 619, Purple milkweed, Asclepias purpurascens; 622, Davis' sedge, Carex davisii; 623, Beaked agrimony, Agrimonia rostellata; 628, Marsh straw sedge, Carex hormathodes; 629, Peruvian dodder, Cuscuta obtusiflora var. glandulosa; 630, Eastern grasswort, Lilaeopsis chinensis; 631, Beck's water-marigold, Bidens beckii; 632, Goldenclub, Orontium aquaticum; 633, Swamp lousewort, Pedicularis lanceolata; 638, Cosmopolitan bulrush, Bolboschoenus maritimus ssp. Paludosus; 641, Clustered sedge, Carex cumulata; 645, Devil's-tongue, Opuntia humifusa; 648, Swamp cottonwood, Populus heterophylla; 649, Terrestrial starwort, Callitriche terrestris; 650, Violet woodsorrel, Oxalis violacea; 651, Water pygmyweed, Crassula aquatica; 656, Thicket sedge, Carex abscondita; 676, Drumheads, Polygala cruciata; 680, Dwarf saltwort, Salicornia bigelovii; 707, Bearded sprangletop, Leptochloa fusca ssp. Fascicularis; 708, Longbeak beaksedge, Rhynchospora scirpoides; 709, Lowland yellow loosestrife, Lysimachia hybrida; 712, Mitchell's sedge, Carex mitchelliana; 714, Welsh mudwort, Limosella australis; 721, Estuary pipewort, Eriocaulon parkeri; 733, Saltmarsh bulrush, Schoenoplectus novae-angliae; 734, Narrowleaf willow, Salix exigua; 736, Seaside sandplant, Honckenya peploides; 737, Seaside threeawn, Aristida tuberculosa; 740, Slender seapurslane, Sesuvium maritimum; 746, Barratt's sedge, Carex barrattii; 747, Slender blue flag, Iris prismatica; 754, Dillenius' ticktrefoil, Desmodium glabellum; 761, Awl-leaf arrowhead, Sagittaria subulata; 763, False Indian plaintain, Hasteola suaveolens; 833, Giant orchid, Pteroglossaspis ecristata; 853, Seaside goldenrod, Solidago sempervirens var. mexicana; 855, Scottish licorice-root, Ligusticum scoticum ssp. Scoticum; 856, Yellow giant hyssop, Agastache nepetoides; 857, Cattail sedge, Carex typhina; 858, Fibrous bladderwort, Utricularia striata; 859, Slender spikerush, Eleocharis tenuis var. pseudoptera; 870, Atlantic white cedar, Chamaecyparis thyoides; 871, Clustered mountainmint, Pycnanthemum muticum; 873, Carolina clubmoss, Lycopodiella caroliniana var. caroliniana; 874, Clustered bluets, Oldenlandia uniflora; 875, Texan flatsedge, Cyperus polystachyos var. texensis; 876, Coastal goldenrod, Solidago latissimifolia; 880, Dune sandspur, Cenchrus tribuloides; 881, Dwarf bulrush, Lipocarpha micrantha; 882, Engelmann's spikerush, Eleocharis engelmannii; 883, Field paspalum, Paspalum laeve; 884, American burnweed, Erechtites hieraciifolia var. megalocarpa; 885, Hyssopleaf thoroughwort, Eupatorium hyssopifolium var. laciniatum; 886, Golden dock, Rumex maritimus; 888, Pitseed goosefoot, Chenopodium berlandieri var. macrocalycium; 889, Large grass-leaved rush, Juncus biflorus; 891, Long-tubercled spikerush, Eleocharis tuberculosa; 892, Marsh fimbry, Fimbristylis castanea; 893, Needletip blue-eyed grass, Sisyrinchium mucronatum; 894, Midland sedge, Carex mesochorea; 895, Nantucket serviceberry, Amelanchier nantucketensis; 896, Annual seepweed, Suaeda linearis; 897, New England blazing star, Liatris scariosa var. novae-angliae; 898, Oakes' evening primrose, Oenothera oakesiana; 903, Pine barren flatsedge, Cyperus retrorsus var. retrorsus; 904, Roland's seablite, Suaeda rolandii; 906, Saltmarsh aster, Symphyotrichum subulatum var. subulatum; 907, Saltmarsh loosestrife, Lythrum lineare; 908, Sandplain flax, Linum intercursum; 909, Twining screwstem, Bartonia paniculata ssp. Paniculata; 910, Seacoast angelica, Angelica lucida; 911, Scotland orache, Atriplex glabriuscula; 912, Goose tongue, Plantago maritima var. juncoides; 914, Slender crabgrass, Digitaria filiformis; 915, Slender marsh-pink, Sabatia campanulata; 916, Slender spikegrass, Chasmanthium laxum; 917, Small floating bladderwort, Utricularia radiata; 919, American knotweed, Polygonum aviculare ssp. buxiforme; 920, Southern arrowwood, Viburnum dentatum var. venosum; 922, Swamp sunflower, Helianthus angustifolius; 923, Sweetbay, Magnolia virginiana; 924, Velvety bush-clover, Lespedeza stuevei; 925, Whip nutrush, Scleria triglomerata; 926, White boneset, Eupatorium album var. subvenosum; 927, White milkweed, Asclepias variegata; 929, Whorled marshpennywort, Hydrocotyle verticillata; 1025, White edge sedge, Carex debilis var. debilis; 1028, Fernald's sedge, Carex merritt-fernaldii; 1030, Black edge sedge, Carex nigromarginata; 1031, Reznicek's sedge, Carex reznicekii; 1032, Yellow thistle, Cirsium horridulum; 1033, Pink tickseed, Coreopsis rosea; 1034, Low frostweed, Helianthemum propinquum; 1036, Arrowhead rattlebox, Crotalaria sagittalis; 1039, Smartweed dodder, Cuscuta polygonorum; 1040, Great Plains flatsedge, Cyperus lupulinus ssp. Lupulinus; 1041, Hairy small-leaf ticktrefoil, Desmodium ciliare; 1042, Stiff ticktrefoil, Desmodium obtusum; 1043, Tapered rosette grass, Dichanthelium acuminatum var. longiligulatum; 1044, Common persimmon, Diospyros virginiana; 1045, Justiceweed, Eupatorium leucolepis; 1046, Manyflower marshpennywort, Hydrocotyle umbellata; 1047, Bushy St. Johnswort, Hypericum densiflorum; 1048, Carolina redroot, Lachnanthes caroliniana; 1049, Narrowleaf pinweed, Lechea tenuifolia; 1050, Narrowleaf lespedeza, Lespedeza angustifolia; 1052, Creeping lespedeza, Lespedeza repens; 1054, Globefruit primrose-willow, Ludwigia sphaerocarpa; 1055, Clasping water horehound, Lycopus amplectens; 1056, Stiff-leaved goldenrod, Solidago rigida; 1057, Sickleleaf silkgrass, Pityopsis falcata; 1075, Nuttall's milkwort, Polygala nuttallii; 1078, Tall cinquefoil, Potentilla arguta; 1079, Combleaf mermaidweed, Proserpinaca pectinata; 1080, Narrowfruit horned beaksedge, Rhynchospora inundata; 1081, Shortbeak beaksedge, Rhynchospora nitens; 1082, Lowland rotala, Rotala ramosior; 1083, Sand blackberry, Rubus cuneifolius; 1084, Arumleaf arrowhead, Sagittaria cuneata; 1085, Slender arrowhead, Sagittaria teres; 1086, Lizard's tail, Saururus cernuus; 1087, Leonard's skullcap, Scutellaria parvula var. missouriensis; 1098, American senna, Senna hebecarpa; 1099, Pennsylvania catchfly, Silene caroliniana ssp. pensylvanica; 1174, Widowsfrill, Silene stellata; 1175, Sand dropseed, Sporobolus cryptandrus; 1182, Hyssopleaf hedgenettle, Stachys hyssopifolia; 1183, Southern bladderwort, Utricularia juncea; 1184, Northern coastal violet, Viola brittoniana; 1191, Pilgrim grape, Vitis \xD7 novae-angliae; 1202, Small's yelloweyed grass, Xyris smalliana; 1203, Meadow zizia, Zizia aptera; 1204, Squarrose sedge, Carex squarrosa; 1205, False mermaidweed, Floerkea proserpinacoides

A multi-stage error checking process, described in the above Attribute Accuracy Report, is used to verify both attribute accuracy and logical consistency throughout data production. This process includes multiple automated logical consistency checks that test the files for missing or duplicate data, rules for proper coding, GIS topological consistencies, and SQL SERVER(R) to ArcGIS(R) consistencies. A final review is made by the GIS manager, before the final Geodatabase and metadata are created. After the data are delivered to NOAA, they are again subjected to several consistency checks, and processed into the final delivery format.