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Table_2_The Rapid Population Collapse of a Key Marine Predator in the Northern Antarctic Peninsula Endangers Genetic Diversity and Resilience to Clima.csv

Entity (ENT)  |  Southwest Fisheries Science Center (SWFSC)
GUID: gov.noaa.nmfs.inport:66328  |  Updated: August 15, 2023  |  Published / External 
Summary
Item Identification
Keywords
Physical Location
Entity Info
Data Attributes
Support Roles
Extents
Access Info
Distribution Info
Catalog Details

Summary

DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2021.796488

Abstract

Antarctic fur seals (AFS) are an ecologically important predator and a focal indicator species for ecosystem-based Antarctic fisheries management. This species suffered intensive anthropogenic exploitation until the early 1900s, but recolonized most of its former distribution, including the southern-most colony at Cape Shirreff, South Shetland Islands (SSI). The IUCN describes a single, global AFS population of least concern; however, extensive genetic analyses clearly identify four distinct breeding stocks, including one in the SSI. To update the population status of SSI AFS, we analyzed 20 years of field-based data including population counts, body size and condition, natality, recruitment, foraging behaviors, return rates, and pup mortality at the largest SSI colony. Our findings show a precipitous decline in AFS abundance (86% decrease since 2007), likely driven by leopard seal predation (increasing since 2001, p << 0.001) and potentially worsening summer foraging conditions. We estimated that leopard seals consumed an average of 69.3% (range: 50.3–80.9%) of all AFS pups born each year since 2010. AFS foraging-trip durations, an index of their foraging habitat quality, were consistent with decreasing krill and fish availability. Significant improvement in the age-specific over-winter body condition of AFS indicates that observed population declines are driven by processes local to the northern Antarctic Peninsula. The loss of SSI AFS would substantially reduce the genetic diversity of the species, and decrease its resilience to climate change. There is an urgent need to reevaluate the conservation status of Antarctic fur seals, particularly for the rapidly declining SSI population.

Description

Appendix S1: Demographic and population metrics for adult female and pup Antarctic fur seals from Cape Shirreff with their associated sample sizes (N_).

Entity Information

Entity Type
Spreadsheet

Data Attribute / Type Description
Season
integer 		year the season ended
Mean age
numeric 		the mean age of all adult Antarctic fur seal females tracked at Cape Shirreff
sd
numeric 		the standard deviation in age of all adult Antarctic fur seal females tracked at Cape Shirreff
N_Age
integer 		the number of Antarctic fur seal females tracked at Cape Shirreff
Recruitment rate
numeric 		the percentage of the tracked Antarctic fur seal females that were new recruits into the Cape Shirreff population
Return Rate
numeric 		the percentage of Antarctic fur seal females that returned, of the seals expected to return based on the previous season
N_Return
integer 		the number of Antarctic fur seal females that returned
Natality rate
numeric 		the percentage of tracked Antarctic fur seal females that gave birth
N_Natality
integer 		the number of tracked Antarctic fur seal females that gave birth
Prime Return Rate
numeric 		the same as 'Return Rate', but only for prime females (ages 7 - 17)
N_Prime Return
integer 		the same as 'N_Return', but only for prime females (ages 7 - 17)
Prime Natality Rate
numeric 		the same as 'Natality Rate', but only for prime females (ages 7 - 17)
N_Prime Natality
integer 		the same as 'N_Natality', but only for prime females (ages 7 - 17)
Pup_Neonate Mortality
numeric 		the percentage of pups of tracked Antarctic fur seal females at Cape Shirreff that died due to neonate mortality
Pup_Leopard Seal Mortality
numeric 		the percentage of pups of tracked Antarctic fur seal females at Cape Shirreff that died due to predation by leopard seals
Pup_Other Mortality
numeric 		the percentage of pups of tracked Antarctic fur seal females at Cape Shirreff that died due to other mortality reasons
N_Mortality Estimates
integer 		the number of pups of tracked Antarctic fur seal females at Cape Shirreff that died during the season

Distribution Information

Access Constraints:

None

Use Constraints:

None

Child Items

No Child Items for this record.

Contact Information

Point of Contact
Douglas Krause
douglas.krause@noaa.gov

Metadata Contact
Douglas Krause
douglas.krause@noaa.gov

Extents

Geographic Area 1

-64° W, -43° E, -58° N, -65° S

Time Frame 1
2001 - 2020

Item Identification

Title: Table_2_The Rapid Population Collapse of a Key Marine Predator in the Northern Antarctic Peninsula Endangers Genetic Diversity and Resilience to Clima.csv
Status: Completed
Creation Date: 2022-01-04
Revision Date: 2022-01-04
Publication Date: 2022-01-03
Abstract:

Antarctic fur seals (AFS) are an ecologically important predator and a focal indicator species for ecosystem-based Antarctic fisheries management. This species suffered intensive anthropogenic exploitation until the early 1900s, but recolonized most of its former distribution, including the southern-most colony at Cape Shirreff, South Shetland Islands (SSI). The IUCN describes a single, global AFS population of least concern; however, extensive genetic analyses clearly identify four distinct breeding stocks, including one in the SSI. To update the population status of SSI AFS, we analyzed 20 years of field-based data including population counts, body size and condition, natality, recruitment, foraging behaviors, return rates, and pup mortality at the largest SSI colony. Our findings show a precipitous decline in AFS abundance (86% decrease since 2007), likely driven by leopard seal predation (increasing since 2001, p << 0.001) and potentially worsening summer foraging conditions. We estimated that leopard seals consumed an average of 69.3% (range: 50.3–80.9%) of all AFS pups born each year since 2010. AFS foraging-trip durations, an index of their foraging habitat quality, were consistent with decreasing krill and fish availability. Significant improvement in the age-specific over-winter body condition of AFS indicates that observed population declines are driven by processes local to the northern Antarctic Peninsula. The loss of SSI AFS would substantially reduce the genetic diversity of the species, and decrease its resilience to climate change. There is an urgent need to reevaluate the conservation status of Antarctic fur seals, particularly for the rapidly declining SSI population.
Purpose:

To provide empirical data documenting the rapid decline of Antarctic Fur Seals at Cape Shirreff, as well as the important genetic diversity of this population.
Notes:

Supplementary Data from Krause DJ, Bonin CA, Goebel ME, Reiss CS and Watters GM (2022) The Rapid Population Collapse of a Key Marine Predator in the Northern Antarctic Peninsula Endangers Genetic Diversity and Resilience to Climate Change. Front. Mar. Sci. 8:796488. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2021.796488
Other Citation Details:

Krause DJ, Bonin CA, Goebel ME, Reiss CS and Watters GM (2022) The Rapid Population Collapse of a Key Marine Predator in the Northern Antarctic Peninsula Endangers Genetic Diversity and Resilience to Climate Change. Front. Mar. Sci. 8:796488. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2021.796488
DOI (Digital Object Identifier): 10.3389/fmars.2021.796488
DOI Registration Authority: DOI Registration Authority
DOI Issue Date: 2022-01-03

Keywords

Theme Keywords

Thesaurus Keyword
UNCONTROLLED
None Antarctic fur seal
None Arctocephalus gazella
None conservation status
None edge population
None population dynamics (ecology)
None Top-down and bottom-up control

Spatial Keywords

Thesaurus Keyword
Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords
CONTINENT > ANTARCTICA > ANTARCTIC PENINSULA
UNCONTROLLED
None Cape Shirreff
None Livingston Island
None San Telmo Islets
None South Shetland Islands

Physical Location

Organization: Southwest Fisheries Science Center
City: La Jolla
State/Province: CA
Country: USA

Entity Information

Entity Type: Spreadsheet
Active Version?: Yes
Description:

Appendix S1: Demographic and population metrics for adult female and pup Antarctic fur seals from Cape Shirreff with their associated sample sizes (N_).

Data Attributes

Attribute Summary

Rubric Score Primary Key? Name Type Description
100
 Season integer year the season ended
100
 Mean age numeric the mean age of all adult Antarctic fur seal females tracked at Cape Shirreff
100
 sd numeric the standard deviation in age of all adult Antarctic fur seal females tracked at Cape Shirreff
100
 N_Age integer the number of Antarctic fur seal females tracked at Cape Shirreff
100
 Recruitment rate numeric the percentage of the tracked Antarctic fur seal females that were new recruits into the Cape Shirreff population
100
 Return Rate numeric the percentage of Antarctic fur seal females that returned, of the seals expected to return based on the previous season
100
 N_Return integer the number of Antarctic fur seal females that returned
100
 Natality rate numeric the percentage of tracked Antarctic fur seal females that gave birth
100
 N_Natality integer the number of tracked Antarctic fur seal females that gave birth
100
 Prime Return Rate numeric the same as 'Return Rate', but only for prime females (ages 7 - 17)
100
 N_Prime Return integer the same as 'N_Return', but only for prime females (ages 7 - 17)
100
 Prime Natality Rate numeric the same as 'Natality Rate', but only for prime females (ages 7 - 17)
100
 N_Prime Natality integer the same as 'N_Natality', but only for prime females (ages 7 - 17)
100
 Pup_Neonate Mortality numeric the percentage of pups of tracked Antarctic fur seal females at Cape Shirreff that died due to neonate mortality
100
 Pup_Leopard Seal Mortality numeric the percentage of pups of tracked Antarctic fur seal females at Cape Shirreff that died due to predation by leopard seals
100
 Pup_Other Mortality numeric the percentage of pups of tracked Antarctic fur seal females at Cape Shirreff that died due to other mortality reasons
100
 N_Mortality Estimates integer the number of pups of tracked Antarctic fur seal females at Cape Shirreff that died during the season

Attribute Details

Season

CC ID: 1120039
Data Storage Type: integer
Required: No
Primary Key: No
Status: Active
Description:

year the season ended

Mean age

CC ID: 1120040
Data Storage Type: numeric
Required: No
Primary Key: No
Status: Active
Description:

the mean age of all adult Antarctic fur seal females tracked at Cape Shirreff

sd

CC ID: 1120041
Data Storage Type: numeric
Required: No
Primary Key: No
Status: Active
Description:

the standard deviation in age of all adult Antarctic fur seal females tracked at Cape Shirreff

N_Age

CC ID: 1120042
Data Storage Type: integer
Required: No
Primary Key: No
Status: Active
Description:

the number of Antarctic fur seal females tracked at Cape Shirreff

Recruitment rate

CC ID: 1120043
Data Storage Type: numeric
Required: No
Primary Key: No
Status: Active
Description:

the percentage of the tracked Antarctic fur seal females that were new recruits into the Cape Shirreff population

Return Rate

CC ID: 1120044
Data Storage Type: numeric
Required: No
Primary Key: No
Status: Active
Description:

the percentage of Antarctic fur seal females that returned, of the seals expected to return based on the previous season

N_Return

CC ID: 1120045
Data Storage Type: integer
Required: No
Primary Key: No
Status: Active
Description:

the number of Antarctic fur seal females that returned

Natality rate

CC ID: 1120046
Data Storage Type: numeric
Required: No
Primary Key: No
Status: Active
Description:

the percentage of tracked Antarctic fur seal females that gave birth

N_Natality

CC ID: 1120047
Data Storage Type: integer
Required: No
Primary Key: No
Status: Active
Description:

the number of tracked Antarctic fur seal females that gave birth

Prime Return Rate

CC ID: 1120048
Data Storage Type: numeric
Required: No
Primary Key: No
Status: Active
Description:

the same as 'Return Rate', but only for prime females (ages 7 - 17)

N_Prime Return

CC ID: 1120049
Data Storage Type: integer
Required: No
Primary Key: No
Status: Active
Description:

the same as 'N_Return', but only for prime females (ages 7 - 17)

Prime Natality Rate

CC ID: 1120050
Data Storage Type: numeric
Required: No
Primary Key: No
Status: Active
Description:

the same as 'Natality Rate', but only for prime females (ages 7 - 17)

N_Prime Natality

CC ID: 1120051
Data Storage Type: integer
Required: No
Primary Key: No
Status: Active
Description:

the same as 'N_Natality', but only for prime females (ages 7 - 17)

Pup_Neonate Mortality

CC ID: 1120052
Data Storage Type: numeric
Required: No
Primary Key: No
Status: Active
Description:

the percentage of pups of tracked Antarctic fur seal females at Cape Shirreff that died due to neonate mortality

Pup_Leopard Seal Mortality

CC ID: 1120053
Data Storage Type: numeric
Required: No
Primary Key: No
Status: Active
Description:

the percentage of pups of tracked Antarctic fur seal females at Cape Shirreff that died due to predation by leopard seals

Pup_Other Mortality

CC ID: 1120054
Data Storage Type: numeric
Required: No
Primary Key: No
Status: Active
Description:

the percentage of pups of tracked Antarctic fur seal females at Cape Shirreff that died due to other mortality reasons

N_Mortality Estimates

CC ID: 1120055
Data Storage Type: integer
Required: No
Primary Key: No
Status: Active
Description:

the number of pups of tracked Antarctic fur seal females at Cape Shirreff that died during the season

Support Roles

Data Steward

CC ID: 1120031
Date Effective From: 2022
Date Effective To:
Contact (Person): Woodman, Sam
Address: 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr
La Jolla, CA 92037
USA
Email Address: sam.woodman@noaa.gov
Phone: 858-546-7138

Distributor

CC ID: 1120032
Date Effective From: 2022
Date Effective To:
Contact (Organization): Southwest Fisheries Science Center (SWFSC)
Address: 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr.
La Jolla, CA 92037
USA
Phone: (858)546-7000
URL: http://swfsc.noaa.gov/
Business Hours: 8:00-16:30

Metadata Contact

CC ID: 1120033
Date Effective From: 2022
Date Effective To:
Contact (Person): Krause, Douglas
Email Address: douglas.krause@noaa.gov

Point of Contact

CC ID: 1120034
Date Effective From: 2022
Date Effective To:
Contact (Person): Krause, Douglas
Email Address: douglas.krause@noaa.gov

Extents

Extent Group 1

Extent Description:

FAO Area 48.1, CCAMLR Area 48.1, Antarctic Peninsula, South Shetland Islands, South Orkney Islands

Extent Group 1 / Geographic Area 1

CC ID: 1120038
W° Bound: -64
E° Bound: -43
N° Bound: -58
S° Bound: -65

Extent Group 1 / Time Frame 1

CC ID: 1120037
Time Frame Type: Range
Start: 2001
End: 2020

Access Information

Security Class: Unclassified
Data Access Policy:

Available online at https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2021.796488/full#supplementary-material
Data Access Procedure:

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2021.796488/full#supplementary-material
Data Access Constraints:

None
Data Use Constraints:

None
Metadata Access Constraints:

None
Metadata Use Constraints:

None

Distribution Information

Distribution 1

CC ID: 1120035
Download URL: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2021.796488/full#supplementary-material
Distributor: Southwest Fisheries Science Center (SWFSC) (2022 - Present)
File Name: 5773724.zip
File Type (Deprecated): Zip
Compression: Zip

Catalog Details

Catalog Item ID: 66328
GUID: gov.noaa.nmfs.inport:66328
Metadata Record Created By: Sam Woodman
Metadata Record Created: 2022-01-04 23:39+0000
Metadata Record Last Modified By: SysAdmin InPortAdmin
Metadata Record Last Modified: 2023-08-15 17:09+0000
Metadata Record Published: 2022-01-04
Owner Org: SWFSC
Metadata Publication Status: Published Externally
Do Not Publish?: N
Metadata Last Review Date: 2022-01-04
Metadata Review Frequency: 1 Year
Metadata Next Review Date: 2023-01-04