Benthic Image analysis classification scheme
Entity (ENT) | Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC)GUID: gov.noaa.nmfs.inport:36380 | Updated: April 10, 2024 | Published / External
Item Identification
Title: | Benthic Image analysis classification scheme |
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Status: | In Work |
Abstract: |
Classification Tiers, Categories, and Definitions |
Notes: |
Loaded by FGDC Metadata Uploader, batch 6156, 06-08-2015 16:28 |
Entity Information
Entity Type: | Data File |
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Active Version?: | Yes |
Schema Name: | GISDAT |
Description: |
Classification Tiers, Categories, and Definitions |
Data Attributes
Attribute Summary
Name | Type | Description | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
N/A
|
Coral | VARCHAR2 | For the purposes of this image analysis, corals are defined as those that are responsible for the persistent, hard, three-dimensional structure of a coral reef. In general, this classification will include all members of Order Scleractinia, as well as some other small groups of non-scleractinian corals with hard skeletons, including fire corals (Family Milleporidea), blue coral (Order Helioporacea), and Stylasterid hydrocorals (Family Stylasteridae). | |
N/A
|
Soft Coral | VARCHAR2 | For the purposes of this image analysis, this category groups a collection of fairly related organisms that do not produce a substantial, rigid calcium carbonate skeleton and therefore are neither reef-builders nor do they lay new foundations for future corals. This classification will include members of Subclass Alcyonaria (octocorals), except blue coral and the organ pipe coral, which includes true soft corals, sea fans, sea whips, sea pens, and also members of the Order Antipatheria (black corals). | |
N/A
|
Coralline Alga | VARCHAR2 | For the purpose of these image analyses, CCA is defined as any calcified, hard, non-segmented, encrusting or branched, red (or pink) alga. | |
N/A
|
Turf Alga | VARCHAR2 | Turf algae is a category that includes numerous species from multiple evolutionary groups (red algae, green algae, brown algae, and cyanobacteria). These types of mixed algal assemblages are typically short in stature (< 2 cm in height), and often contain filamentous algae (hair-like morphologies) as opposed to fleshy algae (thick branched or sheet-like morphologies). | |
N/A
|
Macroalga | VARCHAR2 | Any alga whose structure can be seen in the photograph should be labeled as a macroalga rather than turf. Macroalgae possess numerous different types of morphologies that resemble leaves, blades, umbrellas, ferns, grapes, balls, feathers, branched shrubs, etc. Some macroalgae do possess calcification; however, for the purpose of image analyses here, calcified and fleshy representatives (with the exception of Halimeda sp., below) will be lumped together. | |
N/A
|
Sessile Invertebrate | VARCHAR2 | Many organisms besides corals and algae are found in coral reef ecosystems. This Tier 1 classification is to be used for animals that are permanently affixed to the substrate. Animals with ability to move about the substrate or swim are classified as Mobile Fauna. | |
N/A
|
Mobile Fauna | VARCHAR2 | Photographs capture a solitary instant in time. As a result, creatures that are not permanently affixed to a single location on the sea floor (e.g. sea cucumbers, sea stars, sea urchins, fish) sometimes also appear in photographs intended for benthic analysis. While every effort should be made to discern what the benthic classification is underneath the mobile fauna, if that is not possible, this classification category should be used. This is both a Tier 1 and Tier 2 classification category. | |
N/A
|
Sediment | VARCHAR2 | Sediment describes a "soft" benthos smaller than rubble (i.e. < 5 mm) which due to it's unsettled nature generally, but not always, is devoid of organisms growing on the individual gains comprising the sediment. However, sea grasses, macroalgae including Halimeda spp., and blue-green algae (a.k.a. cyanobacteria) can be found in soft sediment areas. If a classification point falls on an identifiable organism growing in sediment, that's what should be used for the point classification. The sediment classification should only be used if point falls on the sediment itself. | |
N/A
|
Unclassified | VARCHAR2 | A particular analysis point may be unclassified because image quality was poor, because not enough of the surrounding area is visible to definitively classify the organism underneath the point, because the benthos is obstructed by something other than mobile fauna, tape, wand, or shadow (e.g. bubble or smear on the camera lens, high turbidity in the water column). | |
N/A
|
Tape and Wand | VARCHAR2 | This category is appropriate when the point falls on the transect tape/line or tape hardware. Attribute Details |
Attribute Details
Coral
Seq. Order: | 1 |
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Data Storage Type: | VARCHAR2 |
Required: | No |
Primary Key: | No |
Status: | Active |
Description: |
For the purposes of this image analysis, corals are defined as those that are responsible for the persistent, hard, three-dimensional structure of a coral reef. In general, this classification will include all members of Order Scleractinia, as well as some other small groups of non-scleractinian corals with hard skeletons, including fire corals (Family Milleporidea), blue coral (Order Helioporacea), and Stylasterid hydrocorals (Family Stylasteridae). |
Allowed Values: | Massive (MASS), Tabulate (TAB), Encrusting (ENC), Branching (BR), Columnar (COL), Free-living (FREE), Foliose (FOL), Non-scleractinian hard coral (NS) |
Soft Coral
Seq. Order: | 2 |
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Data Storage Type: | VARCHAR2 |
Required: | No |
Primary Key: | No |
Status: | Active |
Description: |
For the purposes of this image analysis, this category groups a collection of fairly related organisms that do not produce a substantial, rigid calcium carbonate skeleton and therefore are neither reef-builders nor do they lay new foundations for future corals. This classification will include members of Subclass Alcyonaria (octocorals), except blue coral and the organ pipe coral, which includes true soft corals, sea fans, sea whips, sea pens, and also members of the Order Antipatheria (black corals). |
Allowed Values: | Octocoral (OCT), Unclassified (USC) |
Coralline Alga
Seq. Order: | 3 |
---|---|
Data Storage Type: | VARCHAR2 |
Required: | No |
Primary Key: | No |
Status: | Active |
Description: |
For the purpose of these image analyses, CCA is defined as any calcified, hard, non-segmented, encrusting or branched, red (or pink) alga. |
Allowed Values: | CCA growing on rubble substrate (CCAR), CCA growing on hard[bottom] substrate (CCAH) |
Turf Alga
Seq. Order: | 4 |
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Data Storage Type: | VARCHAR2 |
Required: | No |
Primary Key: | No |
Status: | Active |
Description: |
Turf algae is a category that includes numerous species from multiple evolutionary groups (red algae, green algae, brown algae, and cyanobacteria). These types of mixed algal assemblages are typically short in stature (< 2 cm in height), and often contain filamentous algae (hair-like morphologies) as opposed to fleshy algae (thick branched or sheet-like morphologies). |
Allowed Values: | Visible turf on rubble substrate (TURFR), Visible turf on hard[bottom] substrate (TURFH), [Invisible turf on] Rubble substrate (RUB), [Invisible turf on] Hard[bottom] substrate (HARD) |
Macroalga
Seq. Order: | 5 |
---|---|
Data Storage Type: | VARCHAR2 |
Required: | No |
Primary Key: | No |
Status: | Active |
Description: |
Any alga whose structure can be seen in the photograph should be labeled as a macroalga rather than turf. Macroalgae possess numerous different types of morphologies that resemble leaves, blades, umbrellas, ferns, grapes, balls, feathers, branched shrubs, etc. Some macroalgae do possess calcification; however, for the purpose of image analyses here, calcified and fleshy representatives (with the exception of Halimeda sp., below) will be lumped together. |
Allowed Values: | Upright macroalga (UPMA), Encrusting macroalga (EMA), Blue-green macroalga (a.k.a. cyanobacteria) (BGMA), Halimeda sp. (HAL), Seagrass |
Sessile Invertebrate
Seq. Order: | 6 |
---|---|
Data Storage Type: | VARCHAR2 |
Required: | No |
Primary Key: | No |
Status: | Active |
Description: |
Many organisms besides corals and algae are found in coral reef ecosystems. This Tier 1 classification is to be used for animals that are permanently affixed to the substrate. Animals with ability to move about the substrate or swim are classified as Mobile Fauna. |
Allowed Values: | Giant clam (GC), Bivalve (BI), Sponge (SP), Tunicate (TUN), Bryozoan (BRY), Corallimorph (CMOR), Anemone (AMNE), Zoanthid (ZO), Unclassified (UI) |
Mobile Fauna
Seq. Order: | 7 |
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Data Storage Type: | VARCHAR2 |
Required: | No |
Primary Key: | No |
Status: | Active |
Description: |
Photographs capture a solitary instant in time. As a result, creatures that are not permanently affixed to a single location on the sea floor (e.g. sea cucumbers, sea stars, sea urchins, fish) sometimes also appear in photographs intended for benthic analysis. While every effort should be made to discern what the benthic classification is underneath the mobile fauna, if that is not possible, this classification category should be used. This is both a Tier 1 and Tier 2 classification category. |
Allowed Values: | Mobile fauna (MOBF) |
Sediment
Seq. Order: | 8 |
---|---|
Data Storage Type: | VARCHAR2 |
Required: | No |
Primary Key: | No |
Status: | Active |
Description: |
Sediment describes a "soft" benthos smaller than rubble (i.e. < 5 mm) which due to it's unsettled nature generally, but not always, is devoid of organisms growing on the individual gains comprising the sediment. However, sea grasses, macroalgae including Halimeda spp., and blue-green algae (a.k.a. cyanobacteria) can be found in soft sediment areas. If a classification point falls on an identifiable organism growing in sediment, that's what should be used for the point classification. The sediment classification should only be used if point falls on the sediment itself. |
Allowed Values: | Sand (SAND), Fine sediment (FINE) |
Unclassified
Data Storage Type: | VARCHAR2 |
---|---|
Required: | No |
Primary Key: | No |
Status: | Active |
Description: |
A particular analysis point may be unclassified because image quality was poor, because not enough of the surrounding area is visible to definitively classify the organism underneath the point, because the benthos is obstructed by something other than mobile fauna, tape, wand, or shadow (e.g. bubble or smear on the camera lens, high turbidity in the water column). |
Allowed Values: | Tape, Wand, or Shadow (TAPE, WAND, SHAD), Unclassified (UNK) |
Tape and Wand
Data Storage Type: | VARCHAR2 |
---|---|
Required: | No |
Primary Key: | No |
Status: | Active |
Description: |
This category is appropriate when the point falls on the transect tape/line or tape hardware. Attribute Details |
Catalog Details
Catalog Item ID: | 36380 |
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GUID: | gov.noaa.nmfs.inport:36380 |
Metadata Record Created By: | Troy T Kanemura |
Metadata Record Created: | 2017-01-23 21:10+0000 |
Metadata Record Last Modified By: | Lori H Luers |
Metadata Record Last Modified: | 2024-04-10 17:14+0000 |
Metadata Record Published: | 2024-04-10 |
Owner Org: | PIFSC |
Metadata Publication Status: | Published Externally |
Do Not Publish?: | N |
Metadata Last Review Date: | 2021-07-23 |
Metadata Review Frequency: | 1 Year |
Metadata Next Review Date: | 2022-07-23 |