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Item Identification
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Data Set Info
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Spatial Info
Access Info
Distribution Info
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Tech Environment
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Data Management
Lineage
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Catalog Details

Summary

Short Citation
OCM Partners, 2024: 2019 - 2020 USGS/NOAA Topobathy Lidar: Farallon de Medinilla & Pagan, CNMI, https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/67299.
Full Citation Examples

Abstract

Topo-bathy lidar acquisition and processing in the Mariana Islands covering Farallon de Medinilla and Pagan. This product is a classified lidar point cloud data tiles in LAS 1.4 format, delivered in 500m x 500m tiles with FileSourceID set to 0, headers in OGC(2001) WKT, intensity normalized to 16-bit, and linear rescaling. Lidar is clipped to the extent of the area of interest for the topo-bathy data.

Woolpert Inc. (Woolpert) was contracted for a two-part lidar data acquisition and lidar data processing effort in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. Part one required lidar data acquisition, initial data processing, and data coverage verification in the field performed under the United States Geological Survey (USGS). Part two is for the final data processing, derivative lidar products, and QA/QC and is performed under the NOAA Office of Coastal Management (NOAA) Contract.

Woolpert collected lidar using their Hawkeye 4X topo-bathy lidar sensor, to provide high density topographic lidar to meet National Geospatial Program Lidar Base Specification Version 1.3 QL1 standard, while simultaneously acquiring bathymetric lidar data at National Coastal Mapping Strategy 1.0 QL2b standard.

In addition to these lidar point data, the hydro-flattened and topobathy versions of the Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) created from the lidar point data, are also available. These data are available for custom download at the links provided in the URL section of this metadata record.

Distribution Information

  • Create custom data files by choosing data area, product type, map projection, file format, datum, etc. A new metadata will be produced to reflect your request using this record as a base. Change to an orthometric vertical datum is one of the many options.

  • LAS/LAZ - LASer

    Bulk download of data files in LAZ format, UTM Zone 55 NAD83(MA2011), meters coordinates and ellipsoid elevations in meters, This url links to the USGS copy of the files, from which the Entwine Point Tile files originated. These data have not been reviewed by OCM and the link is provided here for convenience.

Access Constraints:

None

Use Constraints:

Users should be aware that temporal changes may have occurred since this data set was collected and some parts of this data may no longer represent actual surface conditions. Users should not use this data for critical applications without a full awareness of its limitations.

Controlled Theme Keywords

COASTAL BATHYMETRY, COASTAL ELEVATION, elevation, TERRAIN ELEVATION

Child Items

No Child Items for this record.

Contact Information

Point of Contact
NOAA Office for Coastal Management (NOAA/OCM)
coastal.info@noaa.gov
(843) 740-1202

Metadata Contact
NOAA Office for Coastal Management (NOAA/OCM)
coastal.info@noaa.gov
(843) 740-1202

Extents

Geographic Area 1

145.697876° W, 146.071828° E, 18.171758° N, 16.002669° S

Time Frame 1
2019-07-26

Date of collection for Farallon de Medinilla.

Time Frame 2
2019-07-28

Date of collection for Pagan.

Time Frame 3
2019-07-30

Date of collection for Pagan.

Item Identification

Title: 2019 - 2020 USGS/NOAA Topobathy Lidar: Farallon de Medinilla & Pagan, CNMI
Status: Completed
Creation Date: 2019
Publication Date: 2022
Abstract:

Topo-bathy lidar acquisition and processing in the Mariana Islands covering Farallon de Medinilla and Pagan. This product is a classified lidar point cloud data tiles in LAS 1.4 format, delivered in 500m x 500m tiles with FileSourceID set to 0, headers in OGC(2001) WKT, intensity normalized to 16-bit, and linear rescaling. Lidar is clipped to the extent of the area of interest for the topo-bathy data.

Woolpert Inc. (Woolpert) was contracted for a two-part lidar data acquisition and lidar data processing effort in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. Part one required lidar data acquisition, initial data processing, and data coverage verification in the field performed under the United States Geological Survey (USGS). Part two is for the final data processing, derivative lidar products, and QA/QC and is performed under the NOAA Office of Coastal Management (NOAA) Contract.

Woolpert collected lidar using their Hawkeye 4X topo-bathy lidar sensor, to provide high density topographic lidar to meet National Geospatial Program Lidar Base Specification Version 1.3 QL1 standard, while simultaneously acquiring bathymetric lidar data at National Coastal Mapping Strategy 1.0 QL2b standard.

In addition to these lidar point data, the hydro-flattened and topobathy versions of the Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) created from the lidar point data, are also available. These data are available for custom download at the links provided in the URL section of this metadata record.

Purpose:

Provision of topo-bathy lidar.

Supplemental Information:

Contractor: Woolpert, Inc.

The following are the USGS lidar fields in JSON:

{

"ldrinfo" : {

"ldrspec" : "USGS NGP Base Specifications v1.3",

"ldrsens" : "Hawkeye4X",

"ldrmaxnr" : "4",

"ldrnps" : "0.35",

"ldrdens" : "8",

"ldranps" : "0.35",

"ldradens" : "8",

"ldrfltht" : "600",

"ldrfltsp" : "130",

"ldrscana" : "40",

"ldrscanr" : "70",

"ldrpulsr" : "500",

"ldrpulsd" : "5",

"ldrpulsw" : "0.27",

"ldrwavel" : "1064",

"ldrmpia" : "1",

"ldrbmdiv" : "0.5",

"ldrswatw" : "435",

"ldrswato" : "15",

"ldrcrs" : "NAD83 (MA11) UTM 55N",

"ldrgeoid" : "GEOID12B"

},

"ldraccur" : {

"ldrchacc" : "This data set was produced to meet ASPRS Positional Accuracy Standards for Digital Geospatial Data (2014) for a ___(cm) RMSEx / RMSEy Horizontal Accuracy Class which equates to Positional Horizontal Accuracy =+/- ___cm at a 95% confidence level",

"rawnva" : "NA",

"rawnvan" : "NA",

"clsnva" : "NA",

"clsnvan" : "NA"

},

"lasinfo" : {

"lasver" : "1.4",

"lasprf" : "6",

"laswheld" : "Geometrically unreliable points were identified using the standard LAS Withheld bit.",

"lasolap" : "Overage points were identified using the standard LAS Overlap bit.",

"lasintr" : "16",

"lasclass" : {

"clascode" : "1",

"clasitem" : "processed, but unclassified"

},

"lasclass" : {

"clascode" : "2",

"clasitem" : "bare earth ground"

},

"lasclass" : {

"clascode" : "7",

"clasitem" : "low noise"

},

"lasclass" : {

"clascode" : "9",

"clasitem" : "topo water surface"

},

"lasclass" : {

"clascode" : "17",

"clasitem" : "bridge deck"

},

"lasclass" : {

"clascode" : "18",

"clasitem" : "high noise"

},

"lasclass" : {

"clascode" : "40",

"clasitem" : "bathymetric point, submerged topography"

},

"lasclass" : {

"clascode" : "41",

"clasitem" : "bathy water surface"

},

"lasclass" : {

"clascode" : "42",

"clasitem" : "derived water surface"

},

"lasclass" : {

"clascode" : "43",

"clasitem" : "submerged object"

},

"lasclass" : {

"clascode" : "44",

"clasitem" : "IHO objects"

},

"lasclass" : {

"clascode" : "45",

"clasitem" : "water column"

}

}}

Keywords

Theme Keywords

Thesaurus Keyword
Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords
EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > TOPOGRAPHY > TERRAIN ELEVATION
Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords
EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > BATHYMETRY/SEAFLOOR TOPOGRAPHY > BATHYMETRY > COASTAL BATHYMETRY
Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords
EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > COASTAL PROCESSES > COASTAL ELEVATION
ISO 19115 Topic Category
elevation

Spatial Keywords

Thesaurus Keyword
Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords
CONTINENT > NORTH AMERICA > UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords
OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > WESTERN PACIFIC OCEAN > MICRONESIA > NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS
Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords
VERTICAL LOCATION > LAND SURFACE
Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords
VERTICAL LOCATION > SEA FLOOR

Instrument Keywords

Thesaurus Keyword
Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords
LIDAR > Light Detection and Ranging

Platform Keywords

Thesaurus Keyword
Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Platform Keywords
Airplane > Airplane

Physical Location

Organization: Office for Coastal Management
City: Charleston
State/Province: SC

Data Set Information

Data Set Scope Code: Data Set
Data Set Type: Elevation
Maintenance Frequency: As Needed
Data Presentation Form: Model (digital)
Distribution Liability:

Any conclusions drawn from the analysis of this information are not the responsibility of NOAA, the Office for Coastal Management or its partners.

Data Set Credit: Woolpert, USGS, NOAA

Support Roles

Data Steward

CC ID: 1172275
Date Effective From: 2022
Date Effective To:
Contact (Organization): NOAA Office for Coastal Management (NOAA/OCM)
Address: 2234 South Hobson Ave
Charleston, SC 29405-2413
Email Address: coastal.info@noaa.gov
Phone: (843) 740-1202
URL: https://coast.noaa.gov

Distributor

CC ID: 1172274
Date Effective From: 2022
Date Effective To:
Contact (Organization): NOAA Office for Coastal Management (NOAA/OCM)
Address: 2234 South Hobson Ave
Charleston, SC 29405-2413
Email Address: coastal.info@noaa.gov
Phone: (843) 740-1202
URL: https://coast.noaa.gov

Distributor

CC ID: 1172306
Date Effective From: 2021
Date Effective To:
Contact (Organization): U.S. Geological Survey
Address: 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20191
USA
URL: USGS Home

Metadata Contact

CC ID: 1172276
Date Effective From: 2022
Date Effective To:
Contact (Organization): NOAA Office for Coastal Management (NOAA/OCM)
Address: 2234 South Hobson Ave
Charleston, SC 29405-2413
Email Address: coastal.info@noaa.gov
Phone: (843) 740-1202
URL: https://coast.noaa.gov

Point of Contact

CC ID: 1172277
Date Effective From: 2022
Date Effective To:
Contact (Organization): NOAA Office for Coastal Management (NOAA/OCM)
Address: 2234 South Hobson Ave
Charleston, SC 29405-2413
Email Address: coastal.info@noaa.gov
Phone: (843) 740-1202
URL: https://coast.noaa.gov

Extents

Currentness Reference: Ground Condition

Extent Group 1

Extent Group 1 / Geographic Area 1

CC ID: 1172303
W° Bound: 145.697876
E° Bound: 146.071828
N° Bound: 18.171758
S° Bound: 16.002669

Extent Group 1 / Time Frame 1

CC ID: 1172300
Time Frame Type: Discrete
Start: 2019-07-26
Description:

Date of collection for Farallon de Medinilla.

Extent Group 1 / Time Frame 2

CC ID: 1172301
Time Frame Type: Discrete
Start: 2019-07-28
Description:

Date of collection for Pagan.

Extent Group 1 / Time Frame 3

CC ID: 1172302
Time Frame Type: Discrete
Start: 2019-07-30
Description:

Date of collection for Pagan.

Spatial Information

Spatial Representation

Representations Used

Vector: Yes

Access Information

Security Class: Unclassified
Data Access Procedure:

Data is available online for bulk and custom downloads.

Data Access Constraints:

None

Data Use Constraints:

Users should be aware that temporal changes may have occurred since this data set was collected and some parts of this data may no longer represent actual surface conditions. Users should not use this data for critical applications without a full awareness of its limitations.

Distribution Information

Distribution 1

CC ID: 1172278
Start Date: 2022-03-11
End Date: Present
Download URL: https://coast.noaa.gov/dataviewer/#/lidar/search/where:ID=9510/details/9510
Distributor: NOAA Office for Coastal Management (NOAA/OCM) (2022 - Present)
File Name: Customized Download
Description:

Create custom data files by choosing data area, product type, map projection, file format, datum, etc. A new metadata will be produced to reflect your request using this record as a base. Change to an orthometric vertical datum is one of the many options.

File Type (Deprecated): Zip
Compression: Zip

Distribution 2

CC ID: 1172279
Start Date: 2022-03-11
End Date: Present
Download URL: https://rockyweb.usgs.gov/vdelivery/Datasets/Staged/Elevation/LPC/Projects/PI_CNMI_2019_D19/PI_CNMI_topobathymetric_ellipsoid_2019/LAZ/
Distributor: U.S. Geological Survey (2021 - Present)
File Name: Bulk Download
Description:

Bulk download of data files in LAZ format, UTM Zone 55 NAD83(MA2011), meters coordinates and ellipsoid elevations in meters, This url links to the USGS copy of the files, from which the Entwine Point Tile files originated. These data have not been reviewed by OCM and the link is provided here for convenience.

File Type (Deprecated): LAZ
Distribution Format: LAS/LAZ - LASer
Compression: Zip

URLs

URL 2

CC ID: 1172284
URL: https://coast.noaa.gov/dataviewer/
Name: NOAA's Office for Coastal Management (OCM) Data Access Viewer (DAV)
URL Type:
Online Resource
File Resource Format: HTML
Description:

The Data Access Viewer (DAV) allows a user to search for and download elevation, imagery, and land cover data for the coastal U.S. and its territories. The data, hosted by the NOAA Office for Coastal Management, can be customized and requested for free download through a checkout interface. An email provides a link to the customized data, while the original data set is available through a link within the viewer.

URL 3

CC ID: 1172285
URL: https://rockyweb.usgs.gov/vdelivery/Datasets/Staged/Elevation/metadata/PI_CNMI_2019_D19/
Name: USGS Additional Data
URL Type:
Online Resource
File Resource Format: Zip
Description:

Link to the additional information available for this data set from the USGS. This information includes reports, tile index shapefiles, and hydro breaklines.

URL 4

CC ID: 1172304
URL: https://usgs.entwine.io/data/view.html?r=%22https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/usgs-lidar-public/PI_CNMI_topobathymetric_ellipsoid_2019%22
Name: Potree 3D View
URL Type:
Online Resource
Description:

Link to view the point cloud (using the Entwine Point Tile (EPT) format) in the 3D Potree viewer.

URL 5

CC ID: 1172305
URL: https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/usgs-lidar-public/PI_CNMI_topobathymetric_ellipsoid_2019/ept.json
Name: Entwine Pont Tiles (EPT)
URL Type:
Online Resource
File Resource Format: json
Description:

Entwine Point Tile (EPT) is a simple and flexible octree-based storage format for point cloud data. The data is organized in such a way that the data can be reasonably streamed over the internet, pulling only the points you need. EPT files can be queried to return a subset of the points that give you a representation of the area. As you zoom further in, you are requesting higher and higher densities. A dataset in EPT will contain a lot of files, however, the ept.json file describes all the rest. The EPT file can be used in Potree and QGIS to view the point cloud.

Technical Environment

Description:

Collected using a Leica Hawkeye 4X sensor. Processed in Leica's survey studio, edited in TerraScan and LP360. Other software: QT Modeler, ArcMap, LASTools, proprietary software.

Data Quality

Vertical Positional Accuracy:

Data collected under this Task Order shall meet the National Standard for Spatial Database Accuracy (NSSDA) accuracy standards. The NSSDA standards specify that vertical accuracy be reported at the 95% confidence level for data tested by an independent source of higher accuracy. Non-Vegetated Vertical Accuracy (NVA) of the Lidar Point Cloud data shall be calculated against TINs derived from the final calibrated and controlled swath data. The required accuracy (ACCZ) is: 19.6 cm at a 95% confidence level, derived according to NSSDA, i.e., based on RMSEz of 10 cm in the open terrain and/or Urban land cover categories.

Completeness Report:

The data is programmatically and visually inspected for completeness.

Conceptual Consistency:

All formatted data cover the entire area specified for this project and are validated using a combination of commercial lidar processing software, GIS software, and proprietary programs to ensure proper formatting and loading prior to delivery.

Data Management

Have Resources for Management of these Data Been Identified?: Yes
Approximate Percentage of Budget for these Data Devoted to Data Management: Unknown
Do these Data Comply with the Data Access Directive?: Yes
Actual or Planned Long-Term Data Archive Location: NCEI-CO
How Will the Data Be Protected from Accidental or Malicious Modification or Deletion Prior to Receipt by the Archive?:

Data is backed up to tape and to cloud storage.

Lineage

Lineage Statement:

This data was collected by Woolpert, Inc. for the USGS and NOAA Office for Coastal Management (OCM).

Sources

Woolpert, Inc.

CC ID: 1172291
Contact Role Type: Originator
Contact Type: Organization
Contact Name: Woolpert, Inc.

Process Steps

Process Step 1

CC ID: 1172292
Description:

All lidar data were acquired using a HE4X sensor (Figure 4). The HE4X is a latest generation topographic and bathymetric lidar sensor. The system provides denser data than previous traditional bathymetric lidar systems. It is unique in its ability to acquire bathymetric lidar, topographic lidar and 4-band digital camera imagery simultaneously.

The HE4X provided up to 500 kHz topographic data and an effective 140 kHz shallow bathymetric data and a 40 kHz deep channel. While not a required deliverable for this survey, 4-band 80 MP digital camera imagery was also collected simultaneously with the sensor's RCD-30 camera and utilized during data editing in some cases.

The bathymetric and topographic lasers are independent and do not share an optical chain or receivers, so they are optimized for their specific function. As with any bathymetric lidar, maximum depth penetration is a function of water clarity and seabed reflectivity. The HE4X is designed to penetrate to 3 times the secchi depth. This is also represented as Dmax = 4/K, where K is the diffuse attenuation coefficient, and assuming K is between 0.1 and 0.3, a normal sea state and 15% seabed reflectance.

Both the topographic and bathymetric sub-systems use a palmer scanner to produce an elliptical scan pattern of laser points with a degree of incidence ranging from +/-14 degrees (front and back) to +/-20 degrees (sides), providing a 40 degree field of view. This has the benefit of providing multiple look angles on a single pass and helps to eliminate shadowing effects. This can be of particular use in urban areas, where all sides of a building are illuminated, or for bathymetric features such as the sides of narrow water channels, or features on the seafloor such as smaller objects and wrecks. It also assists with penetration in the surf zone where the back scan passes the same ground location a couple of seconds after the front scan, allowing the areas of whitewater to shift.

Process Step 2

CC ID: 1172293
Description:

Position and orientation data were acquired in the aircraft using a NovAtel SPAN with LCI-100C IMU. All data were post-processed using NovAtel Inertial Explorer software to provide a tightly coupled position and orientation solution.

A single base station was used to control trajectory processing providing final trajectories for Saipan and Tinian on NAD83 (MA11), Epoch 2010, located in the Saipan airport. This base station was replaced for each of the three separate collects of the project (Table 11). SPN1, SPN2 and SPN3 were occupied with a Trimble GNSS receiver by Woolpert. Due to the distance of Rota, Aguijan, Farallon de Medinilla, and Pagan from the single base station on Saipan and their remoteness a precise point positioning (PPP) solution was used for them on ITRF2014.

To establish a reliable coordinate for SPN1 data were uploaded to the National Geodetic Service (NGS) Online Positioning User Service (OPUS), and for SPN2 and SPN3 Trimble CenterPoint RTX Post-Processing service was used. The average OPUS or RTX coordinate from multiple days of observations was used to process the final trajectories.

Process Step 3

CC ID: 1172294
Description:

Initial data coverage analysis and quality checks to ensure there were no potential system issues were carried out in the field prior to demobilization of the sensor. Final processing was conducted in Woolpert's offices.

In general data were initially processed in Leica's Lidar Survey Studio (LSS) using final processed trajectory information. LAS files from LSS were then imported to a Terrascan project where spatial algorithms were used to remove noise and classify bare earth/ground. Manual review was conducted in both Terrascan and LP360 prior to product creation.

Process Step 4

CC ID: 1172295
Description:

Lidar processing was conducted using the Leica Lidar Survey Studio (LSS) software. Calibration information, along with processed trajectory information were combined with the raw laser data to create an accurately georeferenced lidar point cloud for the entire survey in LAS v1.4 format. All points from the topographic and bathymetric laser include 16-bit intensity values.

During this LSS processing stage, an automatic land/water discrimination is made for the bathymetric waveforms. This allows the bathymetric (green) pulses over water to be automatically refracted for the pulse hitting the water surface and travelling through the water column, producing the correct depth. Another advantage of the automatic land/water discrimination is that it permits calculation of an accurate water surface over smaller areas, allowing simple bathymetric processing of smaller, narrower streams and drainage channels. Sloping water surfaces are also handled correctly.

Prior to processing, the hydrographer can adjust waveform sensitivity settings dependent on the environment encountered and enter a value for the refraction index to be used for bathymetry. The index of refraction is an indication of the water type. Values used for sensitivity settings and the index of refraction are included in the LSS processing settings files. A value of 1.34206 was used for the index of refraction, indicating saltwater.

In the field, default waveform sensitivity settings were used for processing. In order to determine the optimal waveform sensitivity settings for final processing, sample areas were selected and processed with multiple different settings, to iteratively converge on the best possible settings. This is done by reviewing the processed point cloud and waveforms within sample areas. A sample waveform is provided in Figure 6, while a sample LSS editing screen is provided in Figure 7. Settings affect which waveform peaks are classified as valid seabed, and which peaks are classified as noise. Optimal settings strike a balance between the amount of valid data that is classified as seabed bottom, and the amount of noise that is incorrectly classified due to peaks in the waveforms. Ideally all valid data is selected, while only a small amount of noise remains to be edited out. Once optimal threshold settings were chosen, these were used for the entire project.

It is important to note that all digitized waveform peaks are available to be reviewed by the hydrographer; both valid seabed bottom and peaks classed as noise. This allows the hydrographer to review data during TerraScan and LP360 editing for valid data such as objects that may have been misclassified as noise.

LSS processing produced LAS files in 1.4 format. Additional QC steps were performed prior to import to TerraScan. Firstly, the derived water surface was reviewed to ensure a water surface was correctly calculated for all bathymetry channels. No significant issues were apparent. Spot checks were also made on the data to ensure the front and back of the scans remained in alignment and no calibration or system issues were apparent prior to further data editing in TerraScan.

LSS stores data in multiple LAS files for a single flight line. Each file corresponds to a single .dat file from the raw airborne data. Woolpert merged these multiple files into a single file per flight line and moved data into a standard class definition in preparation for data editing using Woolpert's proprietary scripts within SAFE's FME software.

Data produced by LSS for flights over Saipan and Tinian were processed on the NAD83 (MA11) Epoch 2010 datum in UTM 55N Zone with units in meters, and elevations on the ellipsoid also in meters. Data produced for Farallon de Medinilla, Pagan, Aguijan and Rota were processed on the ITRF2014 datum in UTM 55N Zone with units in meters, with elevations on the ellipsoid also in meters.

Process Step 5

CC ID: 1172296
Description:

After data were processed in LSS and the data integrity reviewed, Aguijan, Rota, Farallon de Medinilla, and Pagan were transformed from the ITRF2014 ellipsoid to the NAD83 (MA11) Epoch 2010 ellipsoid using VDatum. With the entire project now on the correct ellipsoid, data were organized into tiles within a TerraScan project. The tile layout is the same as that provided with the project deliverables.

Data classification and spatial algorithms were applied in Terrasolid's TerraScan software. Customized spatial algorithms, such as isolated points and low point filters, were run to remove gross fliers in the topographic and bathymetric data. A grounding algorithm was also run on the topographic data to distinguish between points representing the bare earth, and other valid topo lidar points representing features such as vegetation, buildings, and so forth. Algorithms were run on the entire dataset.

Data were reviewed manually to reclassify any valid bathy points incorrectly identified by the automated routines in LSS as invalid, and vice versa. In addition, any topo points over the water were reclassified to correct the ground representation. Manual editing was conducted both in TerraScan and LP360. Steps for manual editing included:

- Re-class any topo unclassified laser data and bathy seabed data from the water surface to a water surface class

- Review bathymetry in cross section.

- Re-class suitable data to Seabed (Class 40).

- Re-class any noise in the bathy ground class to bathy noise (Class 45).

- Review topo ground points in areas of gaps or spikes.

- Add points to ground (Class 2) from the topo laser if points are available to fill gaps in the ground model.

- Re-class any noise in the ground class to Topo Unclassified (Class 1) if valid vegetation or other feature, or Noise if the point is not valid (Low Noise (Class 7) or High Noise (Class 18)).

- Review topo ground points for bridges and re-class to Bridge Deck (Class 17).

- Review bathymetry using imagery and nautical charts and re-class obvious man-made objects to Submerged Object (Class 43).

Once editing was completed in TerraScan the islands of Saipan, Tinian, Aguijan, and Rota were vertically transformed to the NMVD03 datum using GEOID12B. Pagan and Farallon de Medinilla were not transformed as they were outside the GEOID12B extents and retained NAD83(MA11) ellipsoid heights.

Process Step 6

CC ID: 1172297
Description:

Although the bathymetry data includes intensity values, these are raw values. For intensity (reflectance) to correctly represent the reflectance of the seabed, the intensities must be normalized for any losses in signal as the light travels through the water column, so that the intensity value better reflects the intensity of the seabed itself.

One of the fundamental issues that exists with reflectance imagery is the variance in return due to water clarity differences occurring spatially along line, and temporally from day to day. This is challenging for any bathymetric lidar sensor.

If water clarity is relatively consistent along a line, then it is possible to achieve an overall homogenous reflectance image for an area. To a certain extent, variation in reflectivity intensity can be minimized by limiting the size of flight blocks and trying to ensure similar environmental parameters exist within a single flight block. In other words, where changes in water clarity or environment may be expected, flight blocks should be split to allow different normalization parameters to be used per block for the reflectance processing. Where this is not possible, and water clarity varies significantly along a line, variation in reflective intensity will be seen in the output imagery. While this imagery can still be analyzed and used for manual seabed classification, it prohibits the use of unsupervised, or semi-automated classification.

For this survey, cloud shadows (ambient light) had an effect on the resulting reflectance images.

Woolpert used proprietary in-house scripts developed in MATLAB to compute project specific correction parameters and normalize the raw intensity data for depth. This provides intensities that more closely represent the reflectance of the actual seabed. Corrected values were used to create 1m reflectance images per flightline using Applied Imager's QT Modeler software. Individual flightline reflectance images were then used in Trimble's OrthoVista software to create a final reflectance image for the entire area. OrthoVista was used to improve radiometric balancing between lines and the seamline editor was used to improve the joins between lines to remove as much line to line edge matching and cloud artifact issues as possible.

Process Step 7

CC ID: 1172298
Description:

The NOAA Office for Coastal Management (OCM) received the lidar point cloud data in las format from Woolpert, Inc. The data for the islands of Farallon de Medinilla and Pagan were in UTM Zone 55 NAD83(MA11), meters coordinates and ellipsoid elevations in meters.

The point classifications were: 1 - Unclassified, 2 - Ground, 7 - Low Noise, 9 - Water, 17 - Bridge Deck, 18 - High Noise, 20 - Ignored Ground, 40 - Bathymetric Point, 41 - Water Surface, 42 - Derived Water Surface, 43 - Submerged Object, 45 - No Bottom At. OCM processed all point classes to the Digital Coast Data Access Viewer (DAV).

OCM performed the following processing for Digital Coast storage and provisioning purposes:

1. Internal OCM scripts were run to check the number of points by classification and by flight ID and the gps, elevation, and intensity ranges.

2. Internal OCM scripts were run on the las files to:

a. Convert from ellipsoid elevations to WGS84 elevations

b. Convert from UTM Zone 55 (NAD83 MA11), meters coordinates to geographic coordinates (ITRF2014)

c. Assign the geokeys, to sort the data by gps time and zip the data to database and to the s3 Amazon bucket.

Process Date/Time: 2022-05-27 00:00:00
Process Contact: Office for Coastal Management (OCM)

Catalog Details

Catalog Item ID: 67299
GUID: gov.noaa.nmfs.inport:67299
Metadata Record Created By: Rebecca Mataosky
Metadata Record Created: 2022-05-27 19:25+0000
Metadata Record Last Modified By: SysAdmin InPortAdmin
Metadata Record Last Modified: 2023-10-17 16:12+0000
Metadata Record Published: 2022-05-27
Owner Org: OCMP
Metadata Publication Status: Published Externally
Do Not Publish?: N
Metadata Last Review Date: 2022-05-27
Metadata Review Frequency: 1 Year
Metadata Next Review Date: 2023-05-27