Slide Menu
Search Help Show/Hide Menu
Short Citation:
Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, 2024: Hard and Soft Bottom Seafloor Substrate Map Derived from an Unsupervised Classification of Gridded Bathymetry Derivatives for the NOAA Habitat Blueprint West Hawaii Focus Area, https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/12618.

Item Identification

Title: Hard and Soft Bottom Seafloor Substrate Map Derived from an Unsupervised Classification of Gridded Bathymetry Derivatives for the NOAA Habitat Blueprint West Hawaii Focus Area
Short Name: Hard Soft Substrate: West Hawaii
Status: Completed
Publication Date: 2016
Abstract:

Hard and soft bottom seafloor substrate data and maps for the NOAA Habitat Blueprint West Hawaii Focus Area (WHFA) in the Main Hawaiian Islands. Cell values in the raster datasets reflect whether the seafloor is hard bottom or soft bottom based on an unsupervised classification run using ArcGIS software with the Spatial Analyst extension. The classifications are based on bathymetry, acoustic derivatives and verified using seafloor optical data.

The seafloor substrate map and associated data are accessible online via the Pacific Islands Benthic Habiat Mapping Center (PIBHMC) website at www.soest.hawaii.edu/pibhmc.

Purpose:

Prepared by the NOAA Coral Reef Ecosystem Program (CREP) and funded by the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP) and NOAA Habitat Blueprint, the maps include but extend beyond the boundaries of the CRCP-designated West Hawaii priority site.

The data were derived in support of CRCP goals to map all U.S. Coral Reef Ecosystems by developing high-resolution benthic maps to characterize priority reefs and associated habitats. This derivative of bathymetry provides a GIS layer that may be used for benthic and essential fish habitat characterization, and for the study of geologic features. By combining the dataset with bathymetry, other derivatives, and in-situ data, they collectively compose benthic habitat maps which are designed to be used to understand and predict benthic habitats for different organisms that inhabit coral reef ecosystems.

The hard and soft seafloor map is being used for long-term ecosystem monitoring, to guide future ground-truthing operations and to identify coral-rich environments and can be used in the development of actionable policies, plans and management practices.

Other Citation Details:

Suka, R., J. Rooney. 2017. Acoustic Characterization of Mesophotic Coral Reef Ecosystems of West Hawai¿i. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Memo., NOAA-TM- NMFS-PIFSC-61, 31 p. https://doi.org/10.7289/V5/TM-PIFSC-61.

Supplemental Information:

This is a preliminary product developed by the NOAA Coral Reef Ecosystem Program (CREP) and the methods used to generate the map are planned for publication as a NOAA Technical Memorandum.

The bathymetry and optical data collected by NOAA CREP for this project along with the derivative datasets generated by NOAA CREP, including coral cover, slope, rugosity, Bathymetric Position Index Zones, Bathymetric Position Index Structures, and Dominant Benthic Structure and Cover Habitat, are documented and hosted separately on the PIBHMC website at www.soest.hawaii.edu/pibhmc.

Keywords

Theme Keywords

Thesaurus Keyword
ISO 19115 Topic Category
biota
ISO 19115 Topic Category
oceans
UNCONTROLLED
CoRIS Discovery Thesaurus Geographic Information > Habitats
CoRIS Theme Thesaurus EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Aquatic Habitat > Benthic Habitat
CoRIS Theme Thesaurus EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Aquatic Habitat > Reef Habitat
CoRIS Theme Thesaurus EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > GIS
CoRIS Theme Thesaurus EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef monitoring and assessment > Mapping
CoRIS Theme Thesaurus EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Mapping > geomorphology Mapping
CoRIS Theme Thesaurus EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Mapping > Habitat Mapping
CoRIS Theme Thesaurus EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Bathymetry/Seafloor Topography > Hard Seafloor Substrate
CoRIS Theme Thesaurus EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Bathymetry/Seafloor Topography > Soft Seafloor Substrate
CoRIS Theme Thesaurus EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs
CoRIS Theme Thesaurus EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs > Coral Reef Ecology > Habitats
CRCP Project 467
CRCP Project Mapping and EcoSpatial Information Products to Support Coral Reef Ecosystem Management in the Pacific Islands Region
NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS SUBSTRATE DESCRIPTION
NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS benthic
NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS GIS product
NODC PROJECT NAMES THESAURUS Coral Reef Conservation Program
NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS US DOC; NOAA; NMFS; Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center; Ecosystem Sciences Division; Coral Reef Ecosystem Program
None Coral Reef Ecosystem Division
None Coral Reef Ecosystem Program
None CRED
None CREP
None Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center
None PIFSC
None Substrate

Spatial Keywords

Thesaurus Keyword
UNCONTROLLED
CoRIS Place Thesaurus COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Hawaii > Hawaii (21N160W0000)
CoRIS Place Thesaurus COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Hawaii > Hawaii Island (19N155W0003)
CoRIS Place Thesaurus COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Hawaii > Kohala Coast (21N155W0001)
CoRIS Place Thesaurus COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Hawaii > Puako (19N155W0001)
CoRIS Place Thesaurus OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > Hawaii > Hawaii (21N160W0000)
CoRIS Place Thesaurus OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > Hawaii > Kohala Coast (21N155W0001)
CoRIS Place Thesaurus OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > Hawaii > Puako (19N155W0001)
CoRIS Place Thesaurus OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > Hawaii Island > Hawaii Island (19N155W0003)
NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS North Pacific Ocean
None Main Hawaiian Islands

Stratum Keywords

Thesaurus Keyword
UNCONTROLLED
Global Change Master Directory SEA FLOOR

Physical Location

Organization: Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center
City: Honolulu
State/Province: HI
Country: USA

Data Set Information

Data Set Scope Code: Data Set
Data Set Type: GIS dataset of raster files
Maintenance Frequency: None Planned
Data Presentation Form: Map (digital)
Entity Attribute Overview:

The hard vs soft substrate designation is applied by performing an unsupervised classification on bathymetry data using the Iso Cluster classification tool in ArcGIS. This classification produces two classes, representing hard and soft substrate.

Distribution Liability:

While every effort has been made to ensure that these data are accurate and reliable within the limits of the current state of the art, NOAA cannot assume liability for any damages caused by errors or omissions in the data, nor as a result of the failure of the data to function on a particular system. NOAA makes no warranty, expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty.

Data Set Credit: PIFSC Coral Reef Ecosystem Program and funded by the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program and the NOAA Habitat Blueprint

Support Roles

Data Steward

CC ID: 344670
Date Effective From: 2015
Date Effective To:
Contact (Person): Suka, Rhonda
Address: 1845 Wasp Blvd.
Honolulu, HI 96818
USA
Email Address: rhonda.suka@noaa.gov
Phone: (808)725-5494
Contact Instructions:

Email preferred

Distributor

CC ID: 344675
Date Effective From: 2015
Date Effective To:
Contact (Person): Akridge, Michael W
Address: 1845 Wasp Blvd.
Honolulu, HI 96818
USA
Email Address: michael.akridge@noaa.gov
Phone: (808)725-5483
Contact Instructions:

Email preferred

Metadata Contact

CC ID: 344671
Date Effective From: 2015
Date Effective To:
Contact (Person): DesRochers, Annette M
Address: 1845 Wasp Blvd.
Honolulu, HI 96818
USA
Email Address: annette.desrochers@noaa.gov
Phone: (808)725-5461
Business Hours: 8 am - 5 pm
Contact Instructions:

Email preferred

Originator

CC ID: 344673
Date Effective From: 2015
Date Effective To:
Contact (Organization): NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP)
Address: 1305 East West Highway 10th Floor
Silver Spring, MD 20910-3281
Phone: (301) 713-3155
URL: https://coralreef.noaa.gov

Originator

CC ID: 344674
Date Effective From: 2015
Date Effective To:
Contact (Organization): Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC)
Address: 1845 Wasp Blvd.
Honolulu, HI 96818
USA
Email Address: pifsc.info@noaa.gov
Phone: 808-725-5360
URL: https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov
Business Hours: 8:00 a.m. - 4:30 p.m.

Point of Contact

CC ID: 344669
Date Effective From: 2015
Date Effective To:
Contact (Person): DesRochers, Annette M
Address: 1845 Wasp Blvd.
Honolulu, HI 96818
USA
Email Address: annette.desrochers@noaa.gov
Phone: (808)725-5461
Business Hours: 8 am - 5 pm
Contact Instructions:

Email preferred

Extents

Currentness Reference: Ground Condition

Extent Group 1

Extent Description:

NOAA Habitat Blueprint West Hawaii Focus Area, Hawaii, Main Hawaiian Islands

Extent Group 1 / Geographic Area 1

CC ID: 355841
W° Bound: -156.100504
E° Bound: -155.822838
N° Bound: 20.061727
S° Bound: 19.772429
Description

West Hawaii

Extent Group 1 / Time Frame 1

CC ID: 355864
Time Frame Type: Range
Start: 2006
End: 2014
Description:

External partner seafloor imagery from:

NOAA Biogeography: 2006-2007

Nature Conservancy: 2010, 2012-2014

Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology: 2011

Extent Group 1 / Time Frame 2

CC ID: 355865
Time Frame Type: Range
Start: 2006
End: 2010
Description:

NOAA CREP rapid ecological assessment data

Extent Group 1 / Time Frame 3

CC ID: 355866
Time Frame Type: Range
Start: 2015
End: 2016
Description:

External partner multibeam data from main Hawaiian Islands multibeam synthesis maintained by the Hawaii Mapping Research Group

Extent Group 1 / Time Frame 4

CC ID: 355867
Time Frame Type: Discrete
Start: 2003
Description:

Biogeography Benthic Habitat Maps used for validation

Extent Group 1 / Time Frame 5

CC ID: 355868
Time Frame Type: Discrete
Start: 2007
Description:

USGS Benthic Habitat Maps used for validation

Extent Group 1 / Time Frame 6

CC ID: 355861
Time Frame Type: Discrete
Start: 2012
Description:

NOAA CREP TOAD seafloor imagery

Extent Group 1 / Time Frame 7

CC ID: 355862
Time Frame Type: Discrete
Start: 2015
Description:

NOAA CREP TOAD seafloor imagery

Extent Group 1 / Time Frame 8

CC ID: 355863
Time Frame Type: Discrete
Start: 2012
Description:

NOAA CREP bathymetry data

Access Information

Security Class: Unclassified
Security Classification System:

Not applicable

Security Handling Description:

Not applicable

Data Access Policy:

NOAA Coral Reef Ecosystem Program (CREP) Data Sharing Recommendations, version 9.0 updated August 12, 2015:

CREP welcomes the opportunity to collaborate on research issues contributing to the scientific basis for better management of marine ecosystems. CREP has a very diverse set of field activities that generates large volumes of data using an array of data collection protocols.

The following recommendations are for your consideration as you use this data:

1) Data analyses should take all field exigencies into account. The most effective way to do this would be active collaboration with CREP principal investigators.

2) In all presentations, product releases, or publications using data generated by CREP, proper acknowledgement of both CREP and the individuals responsible for data collection is expected. Citing the DOI (if available) is preferred, a non-DOI example is listed below.

3) If you collect or generate data for the same study areas, CREP requests that you share relevant information on complimentary data collections.

4) Those receiving data are strongly urged to inform the CREP Data Management Team of any errors and discrepancies that are discovered during the course of using these data. They are further urged to bring to the attention of the Team all problems and difficulties encountered in using these data. This information is necessary in order to improve the collections and to facilitate more efficient and economical data processing and retrieval. The users are asked to supply copies of any missing data that may be located, and to provide information as to significant subsets and special aggregations of data that are developed in using the material provided.

Example citation:

"This publication makes use of data products provided by the Coral Reef Ecosystem Program (CREP), Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), with funding support from the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP) and NOAA Habitat Blueprint. The analysis and interpretations presented here are solely that of the current authors.”

Data Access Procedure:

Data can be accessed online via the Pacific Islands Benthic Habitat Mapping Center website at https://www.soest.hawaii.edu/pibhmc/pibhmc_mhi_haw.htm

Data Access Constraints:

None

Data Use Constraints:

These data are not to be used for navigation purposes.

Please cite NOAA Coral Reef Ecosystem Program (CREP) when using the data.

Suggested citation:

Coral Reef Ecosystem Program; Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (2016). Hard and Soft Bottom Seafloor Substrate Map Derived from an Unsupervised Classification of Gridded Bathymetry Derivatives for the NOAA Habitat Blueprint West Hawaii Focus Area. https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/12618 [access date]

Metadata Access Constraints:

None

Metadata Use Constraints:

None

Distribution Information

Distribution 1

CC ID: 344689
Download URL: ftp://ftp.soest.hawaii.edu/pibhmc/website/data/mhi/benthichabitatlayers/WestHawaii_hardsoft.zip
Distributor:
File Name: WestHawaii_hardsoft.zip
Description:

Zip file containing hard- and soft-bottom substrates data (shapefile feature class layer) and maps (JPG and PDF) for the Habitat Blueprint West Hawaii Focus Area.

File Type (Deprecated): Zip
Compression: Zip

URLs

URL 1

CC ID: 75261
URL: http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/pibhmc/index.htm
URL Type:
Online Resource
File Resource Format: HTML
Description:

Pacific Islands Benthic Habitat Mapping Center (PIBHMC) website. All data are accessible through this website.

URL 2

CC ID: 355869
URL: https://www.habitatblueprint.noaa.gov/habitat-focus-areas/west-hawaii/
URL Type:
Online Resource
File Resource Format: HTML
Description:

NOAA Habitat Blueprint West Hawaii Focus Area website

URL 3

CC ID: 355870
URL: https://www.habitatblueprint.noaa.gov/storymap/hfa/hfa_pages/images/westHawaii/location_map.jpg
URL Type:
Browse Graphic
NOAA Habitat Blueprint West Hawaii Focus Area
File Resource Format: JPG
Description:

NOAA Habitat Blueprint West Hawaii Focus Area

Technical Environment

Description:

ArcGIS desktop and tools including Benthic Terrain Modeler (BTM), and from the ArcGIS Spatial Analyst extension the Principle Components Analysis (PCA) and the Iso Cluster Unsupervised Classification tools.

Data Quality

Representativeness:

Hard- and soft-bottom substrate classifications are primarily derived from gridded bathymetry data that is collected from a number of NOAA vessels using multibeam sonars. This multibeam data may be synthesized with other data including bathymetric LiDAR . Multibeam data collection targets waters ranging from ~20 m to 500 m depths. Bathymetric LiDAR target waters less than 20-m depths. The goal of all data collection is to collect data over the entire seafloor within 0-500 m depths.

Accuracy:

Horizontal positioning system: GPS C/A

Horizontal position accuracy: 25 m

Range resolution of sonar: varies with depth

Raw sounding resolution: varies with depth

Vertical accuracy of gridded product ~ 1% of water depth

Completeness Report:

Hard- and soft-bottom substrates were determined for all areas where gridded bathymetry data were available. Some gaps exist in bathymetry coverage due to 1) hazardous conditions that prohibited access for the NOAA vessels, 2) limited time, or 3) limited funding resources.

Conceptual Consistency:

Multibeam bathymetry data were collected by different NOAA vessels using the same collection methods. All multibeam data collected by the Coral Reef Ecosystem Program (CREP) was processed in the same manner. All bathymetry synthesis data used as source data for the products generated for the Main Hawaiian Islands were processed in the same manner by the Hawaii Mapping Research Group. Seafloor imagery was collected by a number of different external partners using different methods; however, all imagery included in this project for the purposes of ground truthing was classified by CREP using the same classification scheme by experienced image analysts that are tested and calibrated annually.

Quality Control Procedures Employed:

Corrections for tide variation and vessel attitude are applied to the multibeam data and a CTD (Conductivity, Temperature, and Depth instrument) cast is performed regularly during data collection to correct for variance within the water column.

Multibeam data are tested for internal consistency; however, no effort is made to compare these data to external references or to other published data.

Hard/soft results from unsupervised classification were validated and corrected using optical ground truth imagery.

Data Management

Have Resources for Management of these Data Been Identified?: Yes
Approximate Percentage of Budget for these Data Devoted to Data Management: Unknown
Do these Data Comply with the Data Access Directive?: Yes
Is Access to the Data Limited Based on an Approved Waiver?: No
Approximate Delay Between Data Collection and Dissemination: Unknown
Actual or Planned Long-Term Data Archive Location: NCEI-MD
Approximate Delay Between Data Collection and Archiving: Unknown
How Will the Data Be Protected from Accidental or Malicious Modification or Deletion Prior to Receipt by the Archive?:

University of Hawaii School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, NOAA IRC and NOAA Fisheries ITS resources and assets.

Lineage

Lineage Statement:

The Iso Cluster Unsupervised Classification tool in ArcGIS was used to classify the three-band Principle Component Analysis image into two distinct hard vs soft substrate classes. Ground truth optical imagery as well as existing shallow water habitat maps provided by the USGS and NOAA Biogeography Branch were used to validate and correct the hard soft classification.

Sources

5m Bathymetric data of Kohala coast of Hawaii

CC ID: 355876
Contact Type: Organization
Contact Name: Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, PIFSC
Publish Date: 2015-09-01
Extent Type: Range
Extent Start Date/Time: 2012-06-09
Extent End Date/Time: 2012-06-29
Citation URL: http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/pibhmc/pibhmc_mhi_haw_bathy.htm

Cochran, S.A., Gibbs, A.E., and Logan, J.B., 2007, Geologic Resource Evaluation of Pu'ukohola Heiau National Historic Site, Hawaii; Part II, Benthic habitat mapping: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5254, 20 p.

CC ID: 356001
Contact Name: United States Geological Survey
Publish Date: 2006-09-28
Extent Type: Range
Extent Start Date/Time: 2004-04
Extent End Date/Time: 2004-08
Citation URL: http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5256/

Costa BM and Battista TA (2013) The semi-automated classification of acoustic imagery for characterizing coral reef ecosystems. International Journal of Remote Sensing 34(18):6389–6422.

CC ID: 355879
Contact Type: Organization
Contact Name: National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, NCCOS
Publish Date: 2013-06-10
Citation URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2013.800661

Coyne, M. S., T. A. Battista, M. Anderson, J. Waddell, W. Smith, P. Jokiel, M. S. Kendall and M. E. Monaco. 2003. Benthic Habitats of the Main Hawaiian. NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS NCCOS CCMA 152. Silver Spring, MD. 48 pp

CC ID: 356004
Contact Type: Organization
Contact Name: National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, NCCOS
Publish Date: 2003-11-01
Extent Type: Discrete
Extent Start Date/Time: 2000
Citation URL: https://www.coastalscience.noaa.gov/publications/detail?resource=qejBv6ZUKKXwNsGgQLkqzyhtjF6CMlv8jyS737Ib/Fg=

Main Hawaiian Islands Multibeam Bathymetry Synthesis

CC ID: 355877
Contact Name: University of Hawaii, Hawaii Mapping Research Group
Citation URL: http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/HMRG/multibeam/bathymetry.php

Wright, D.J., Pendleton, M., Boulware, J., Walbridge, S., Gerlt, B., Eslinger, D., Sampson, D., and Huntley, E. 2012. ArcGIS Benthic Terrain Modeler (BTM), v. 3.0, Environmental Systems Research Institute, NOAA Coastal Services Center, Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management.

CC ID: 355878
Contact Name: ESRI, NOAA Coastal Services Center, Mass. Office of Coastal Zone Management
Publish Date: 2012-11-14
Citation URL: http://esriurl.com/5754

Process Steps

Process Step 1

CC ID: 355872
Description:

Multibeam bathymetry data collected by NOAA CREP was processed and integrated with existing bathymetry datasets maintained by the University of Hawaii, Hawaii Mapping Research Group (HMRG) to produce a high-resolution (5m) bathymetry synthesis for the entire NOAA Habitat Blueprint West Hawaii Focus Area (WHFA).

Source: 5m Bathymetric data of Kohala coast of Hawaii

Process Step 2

CC ID: 355873
Description:

The Benthic Terrain Modeler in ArcGIS 10.3 was used to derive a series of surface complexity layers using the WHFA bathymetry synthesis. Eight surface complexity layers (mean depth, standard deviation of depth, curvature, plan curvature, profile curvature, slope, slope of slope, and rugosity) and Bathymetric Position Index (BPI) layers for zone and structure were produced.

Source: Wright, D.J., Pendleton, M., Boulware, J., Walbridge, S., Gerlt, B., Eslinger, D., Sampson, D., and Huntley, E. 2012. ArcGIS Benthic Terrain Modeler (BTM), v. 3.0, Environmental Systems Research Institute, NOAA Coastal Services Center, Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management.

Process Step 3

CC ID: 355874
Description:

A Principle Component Analysis (PCA) using ENVI 5.3 software was performed on the bathymetry synthesis and eight complexity surface layers to remove highly correlated data by transforming the image into nine principle components. The first three principle components described 99% of the data variability. The complexity surfaces that contributed the most variance were depth, mean depth and rugosity. These three principle components were retained for use in the benthic classification process.

Source: Costa BM and Battista TA (2013) The semi-automated classification of acoustic imagery for characterizing coral reef ecosystems. International Journal of Remote Sensing 34(18):6389–6422.

Process Step 4

CC ID: 355875
Description:

The Iso Cluster Unsupervised Classification tool in ArcGIS was used to classify the three-band Principle Component Analysis image into two distinct hard vs soft substrate classes.

Source: Iso Cluster Unsupervised Classification Tool

Process Step 5

CC ID: 355871
Description:

To verify the accuracy of the automated delineation, the classified optical validation points were overlaid onto the delineated image to confirm or correct the substrate classes. The delineated classifications were manually corrected if they disagreed with the optical validation points. When optical validation points were absent, the USGS and NOAA Biogeography Branch benthic habitat maps were used as validation.

Catalog Details

Catalog Item ID: 12618
GUID: gov.noaa.nmfs.inport:12618
Metadata Record Created By: Annette M DesRochers
Metadata Record Created: 2012-07-12 21:52+0000
Metadata Record Last Modified By: SysAdmin InPortAdmin
Metadata Record Last Modified: 2023-08-15 17:09+0000
Metadata Record Published: 2017-01-09
Owner Org: PIFSC
Metadata Publication Status: Published Externally
Do Not Publish?: N
Metadata Last Review Date: 2017-01-09
Metadata Review Frequency: 1 Year
Metadata Next Review Date: 2018-01-09