Biological Opinions

Under Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act, federal agencies must consult with NOAA Fisheries on activities that may affect ESA-listed species. These inter-agency consultations are designed to help federal agencies in fulfilling their duty to ensure that their actions do not jeopardize the continued existence of a species, or destroy or adversely modify designated critical habitat.

Where appropriate, biological opinions provide an exemption for the “take” of listed species (e.g., harassment, harm, pursuit, hunting, shooting, wounding, killing, trapping, capturing, or collecting) while specifying the extent of take allowed, the reasonable and prudent measures that would minimize impacts from the federal action, and the terms and conditions with which the federal action agency must comply.

Biological opinions are issued on a wide range of actions including federal fisheries, offshore oil and gas leasing and exploration activities, seismic surveys, dredging, offshore wind, and hydroelectric activities, among others. 

Biological Opinions Available Online

Biological opinions are issued by our national Office of Protected Resources, as well as our Regional Offices:

• National

• Alaska

• New England/Mid-Atlantic

• Pacific Islands

• Southeast

• West Coast

Biological opinions issued since 2010 can also be found in the NOAA library repository.

In addition, the Environmental Consultation System (ECO) is available to search ESA Section 7 consultations from 2017 to present.

If you are looking for a biological opinion from an ESA Section 7 consultation completed before 2019 that is not available in ECO, you may send an email with specific details on your request to NMFS.Historic.Consultations@noaa.gov.

More Information

• Consultations with Federal Agencies 

• Inter-agency Consultation Guidance and Policy

• Endangered Species Act