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Species Directory

Cobia

Overview Resources

Cobia

Rachycentron canadum

cobia.png
Also Known As
Crabeater, Sergeantfish, Ling, Cabio, Cubby yew, Lemonfish

Quick Facts

Region
New England/Mid-Atlantic, Southeast
Fish Watch. U.S. Seafood Facts Logo
900x600-cobia-NOAA.jpg

About The Species

U.S. wild-caught cobia is a smart seafood choice because it is sustainably managed and responsibly harvested under U.S. regulations.

Population Status Icon

Population Level

Below target level but fishing rate promotes population growth.

Fishing Status Icon

Fishing Status

Reduced to end overfishing.

Habitat Impacts Icon

Habitat Impacts

Fishing gear used to catch cobia rarely contacts the ocean floor and has minimal impacts on habitat.

Bycatch Icon

Bycatch

Minimal, as commercial fishermen rarely target cobia.

Status

  • According to the 2020 stock assessment, the Gulf of Mexico stock is not overfished but is subject to overfishing. Summary stock assessment information can be found on Stock SMART.

  • Scientists from NOAA's Southeast Fisheries Science Center monitor the abundance of the population, and scientists, managers, and stakeholders assess the status of the stock through the Southeast Data, Assessment, and Review (SEDAR) process.

Appearance

  • Cobia are dark brown with a single dorsal fin.
  • Young cobia have distinct coloring, with alternating black and white horizontal stripes and splotches of bronze, orange, and green.
  • Cobia are often mistaken for sharks or remoras. In fact, their closest living relative is the remora (shark sucker).

Biology

  • Cobia are the only member of the family Rachycentridae in North America.
  • They grow up to 6 feet and 100 pounds and live up to 12 years.
  • They are able to reproduce when they are young—females mature at age 3 and males mature at age 2.
  • Cobia spawn in coastal bays and estuaries several times throughout their spawning season, which lasts from late June to mid-August in the Southeast and from late summer to early fall in the Gulf of Mexico. Females release between 375,000 and 2 million eggs each time they spawn.
  • They are strong, aggressive predators, mainly feeding on crustaceans but also fish and squid. Larger pelagic fish prey on young cobia.

Where They Live

  • In U.S. waters, cobia are most abundant from Virginia south through the Gulf of Mexico.
  • Cobia migrate seasonally in the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico.
  • Along the Atlantic coast, they move south and offshore toward warmer waters during the late fall and winter.
  • Cobia found in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico during the summer move to south Florida waters in the winter, possibly spending the winter near the Florida Keys.

Management

  • NOAA Fisheries and the Gulf of Mexico Fishery Management Council manage cobia in the Gulf of Mexico and on the east coast of Florida.
  • The Atlantic migratory group cobia (from Georgia through New York) are managed by the Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission.
  • Managed under the Fishery Management Plan for Coastal Migratory Pelagics in the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico:
    • Fishermen do not need a federal permit to harvest cobia.
    • Gear restrictions:
      • Drift gillnets are prohibited.
      • Authorized gear includes automatic reel, bandit gear, handline, rod-and-reel, and pelagic longline.
    • Cobia must be a minimum size to be harvested, and must be landed with their heads and fins intact. Current minimum size limit is 33 inches fork length.  Amendment 7 will be increasing the minimum size limit to 36 inches fork length.
    • Commercial and recreational fishermen have size limits, trip limits, and per person per day or per vessel per day bag limits.
    • Annual catch limits based on best available science.

Recreational Fishing Regulations

Commercial Fishing Regulations

Subsistence Fishing Regulations

Science Overview

Research & Data

Atlantic Red Drum Fishery Harvest or Possession Prohibition Area

This dataset depicts the boundaries of the Atlantic Red Drum Fishery…
PDF Metadata Shapefile
October 07, 2019 - Map ,
New England/Mid-Atlantic
This is the chart for the Atlantic Red Drum Fishery Harvest or Possession Prohibition Area.

Cobia Migratory Group Zones Fishery Management Areas Map & GIS Data

Map and GIS data representing cobia coastal migratory pelagic group zones…
Google Earth File Shapefile
June 24, 2019 - Map ,
Southeast
This is a map of cobia migratory group zones in the Gulf of Mexico and South Atlantic Region.
View More

Data & Maps

Map

Atlantic Red Drum Fishery Harvest or Possession Prohibition Area

New England/Mid-Atlantic
Map

Cobia Migratory Group Zones Fishery Management Areas Map & GIS Data

Southeast
More Data and Maps
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