Offshore Wind Energy Development in New England/Mid-Atlantic Waters

NOAA’s Role

The Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) is the lead federal agency for offshore energy exploration and development. NOAA Fisheries is the lead federal agency charged with stewardship of marine life. Building, operating, and decommissioning offshore wind power plants affects a number of our key mission areas, including: fisheries, protected animals (such as sea turtles and whales), seabirds, and marine habitats. We provide information to help the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management make informed decisions about offshore wind energy development and operations. Specifically, we:

• Provide data, and analyses, and recommendations to address fishing activities, ocean conditions, and affected marine resources
• Provide input and review throughout the regulatory process, working as a cooperating agency to assist BOEM in their development of an environmental impact statement under the National Environmental Policy Act
• Improve our scientific surveys by advancing industry-based and other cooperative surveys to modernize our survey operations and address the impacts caused by offshore wind development 
• Work with BOEM to ensure NOAA Fisheries resource surveys can continue to collect fisheries, wildlife, and ecosystem data essential to our  management mandates.
• Conduct research and monitoring to understand the effects of offshore wind energy development on fishing communities, marine habitats, fisheries resources, protected resources, and their ecosystems
• Work with fishing industry partners to provide BOEM, other federal agencies, states, tribes, and stakeholders with information on fisheries operations and the potential socioeconomic impacts of offshore wind projects on fishing communities

Regulatory Authority for NOAA Involvement

We work with the BOEM, other federal and state agencies, and stakeholders to assess and how offshore wind projects affect endangered or threatened species, marine mammals, fisheries, marine habitats, and fishing communities and work to protect these important resources. Our authorities derive from:

• Endangered Species Act
• Marine Mammal Protection Act

• Magnuson-Stevens Fisheries Conservation and Management Act

  Construction of the Block Island Wind Farm in Rhode Island, the U.S.'s first offshore wind farm, which began commercial operations in December 2016. Photo: NOAA Fisheries.

NOAA Fisheries New England/Mid-Atlantic Regional Activities

NOAA Fisheries provides expertise and advice to regulators, developers, and stakeholders. To leverage our capacity for addressing wind energy development, we are working with partners including::

• Regional fishery management councils and commission
• Responsible Offshore Science Alliance
• International Council for Exploration of the Sea’s Working Group on Offshore Wind Development and Fisheries
• Regional Wildlife Science Collaborative for Offshore Wind

We have initiated scientific work in several study areas that will help address the various impacts of development on NOAA trust resources:

Biology and Ecology

• Tracking spawning Atlantic cod and other commercial fish species along the Southern New England wind energy areas using underwater acoustic technology.
• Studying how black sea bass respond to offshore wind pile driving and other marine construction noise at different life stages
• Building an area-specific habitat database
• Forage fish in offshore wind energy areas

Fisheries

• Investigating how fish populations react to offshore wind turbine installation and related construction activities
• Summarizing fishing activity within each offshore wind lease or project area along the U.S. Atlantic Coast
• Using fine-scale fishery data to evaluate and predict the potential impact of offshore wind energy development on fishery operations
• Analyzing affected commercial and recreational fishing activity to make economic impact information available to planners, developers, and regulators

Marine Mammals, Sea Birds, Sea Turtles

• Evaluating marine habitat use by these animals off the East Coast with particular emphasis on wind lease areas

Technical Guidance for Offshore Wind Energy Projects in the Greater Atlantic Region

• Resources for action agencies to help with their analysis of the effects of proposed offshore wind projects in the Greater Atlantic Region

Offshore Wind Development Mitigation Plans

Federal Survey Mitigation Implementation Strategy

Draft Offshore Wind, North Atlantic Right Whale Strategy

Draft Fisheries Mitigation Guidance