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Status Review for Banggai Cardinalfish, Pterapogon kauderni
On July 15, 2013, the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) received a petition from WildEarth…
Banggai Cardinalfish
About the Species
The Banggai cardinalfish is a small marine bony fish. The species is endemic to the Banggai Archipelago in Indonesia but has been introduced outside of its natural range through the ornamental live reef trade. The main threats to the Banggai cardinalfish are harvest for the ornamental live reef trade and habitat destruction. In 2016, NOAA Fisheries listed the species as threatened under the Endangered Species Act.
Read more about the Banggai cardinalfish.
Protected Status
ESA Threatened - Foreign
- Throughout Its Range
Appearance
The species is differentiated from all other cardinalfish by its tasseled first dorsal fin, elongated anal and second dorsal fin rays, and deeply forked caudal fin. It is brilliantly colored with contrasting black and light bars with whitish spots over a silvery body. The dot pattern is unique to individual fish and can be used to identify specimens. Generally, males and females look similar; however, on average, males have a larger mouth gape relative to their total body length and can be distinguished during brooding when their oral cavity becomes enlarged.
Behavior and Diet
The Banggai cardinalfish feeds primarily on copepods, but it also eats planktonic organisms when they are abundant in the area.
Where They Live
The Banggai cardinalfish lives in shallow, calm waters among coral reefs and seagrass beds of the Banggai Archipelago, Indonesia.
Lifespan & Reproduction
The Banggai cardinalfish life span is approximately 2.5 to 3 years, with a maximum life span of up to 5 years. The species possesses several unique reproductive traits. Like many cardinalfishes, sex roles are reversed, and males provide parental care, brooding and hatching eggs in their mouths. Males release fully formed juveniles.
Threats
Commercial Harvest for the Ornamental Live Reef Trade
The Banggai cardinalfish is targeted for the ornamental live reef trade due to its colorful traits.
Habitat Destruction
The Banggai cardinalfish's coral reef habitat is destroyed by the use of fish bombs (typically made with fertilizer and phosphorus) and cyanide to catch fish for the live reef fish trade. Runoff from agriculture and human population growth, increase waste and nitrates in the marine environment, promoting algal blooms, which the light and oxygen available for corals.
Scientific Classification
| Kingdom | Animalia | Phylum | Chordata | Class | Actinopterygii | Order | Perciformes | Family | Apogonidae | Genus | Pterapogon | Species | kauderni |
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