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Species Directory

Lobed Star Coral

Overview Conservation & Management Resources
The lobed star coral is a species of coral that lives in the western Atlantic Ocean. It is the most thoroughly studied and most abundant species of reef-building coral in the Caribbean to date. Learn more about the lobed star coral.

Lobed Star Coral

Orbicella annularis

Illustration of tan and dark brown lobed star coral

Protected Status

ESA Threatened
Throughout Its Range
CITES Appendix II
Throughout its Range
SPAW Annex III
Throughout the Wider Caribbean Region

Quick Facts

Lifespan
Up to hundreds of years
Threats
Climate change (including ocean warming and ocean acidification), Diseases, Habitat degradation, Land-based sources of pollution
Region
Southeast
Close-up photo of lobed star coral showing tan brown lobes and bumps. Lobed star coral. Credit: NOAA Fisheries

Lobed star coral. Credit: NOAA Fisheries

About the Species

Close-up photo of lobed star coral showing tan brown lobes and bumps. Lobed star coral. Credit: NOAA Fisheries

Lobed star coral. Credit: NOAA Fisheries

The lobed star coral is a species of coral that lives in the western Atlantic Ocean. It is the most thoroughly studied and most abundant species of reef-building coral in the Caribbean to date. It grows into varying colony shapes (heads, columns, plates) in response to differing light conditions. Lobed star coral is listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act.

NOAA Fisheries is committed to conserving and protecting lobed star coral. Our scientists and partners use a variety of innovative techniques to study, learn more about, and protect this species.

Where They Live

Lobed star coral can be found in the Caribbean Sea, Gulf of America (formerly Gulf of Mexico), and southern Atlantic (southern Florida).

Lobed star coral map World map providing approximate representation of the Lobed star coral's range.

Scientific Classification

Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Cnidaria
Class Anthozoa
Order Scleractinia
Family Merulinidae
Genus Orbicella
Species annularis

Last updated by NOAA Fisheries on 02/26/2025


Featured News

Corals in clear pristine waters. Shallow water provides habitat for branching corals (Acropora spp), as seen here on a reef flat in Guam. Credit: NOAA Fisheries/Jonathan Brown
Feature Story

Celebrate Corals Week

National
50th Anniversary of the Endangered Species Act with smalltooth sawfish, green turtle, Atlantic salmon, staghorn, North Atlantic right whale, and Tubastraea floreana
Feature Story

The Endangered Species Act: 50 Years of Conserving Species

Alaska
New England/Mid-Atlantic
Pacific Islands
Southeast
West Coast
National
Fish swim above a coral reef in the Caribbean. Fish swim above a coral reef in the Caribbean. Credit: Tom Moore
Feature Story

How are Fisheries and Coral Reefs Connected?

National
Fishermen out for a trip in Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary Fishermen out for a trip in Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. Credit: Nick Zachar/NOAA
Feature Story

Fishing Smart around Essential Fish Habitats in the Southeast

Southeast
View More News

Related Species

Illustration of a pale brown mountainous star coral that looks like a big mound with a skirt. Surface is smooth and undulating with small lumps, bulges, and lobes.

Mountainous Star Coral

Illustration of an orange-brown boulder star coral resembling a big, lumpy boulder as it forms massive clumps.

Boulder Star Coral

Management Overview

The lobed star coral is listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act.

Additionally, the lobed star coral is listed under:

  • Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) 
  • Annex III of the Protocol for Specially Protected Areas and Wildlife (SPAW)

Recovery Planning and Implementation

The Recovery Outline for Pillar Coral, Rough Cactus Coral, Lobed Star Coral, Mountainous Star Coral, Boulder Star Coral (PDF, 6 pages) is meant to serve as an interim guidance document to direct recovery efforts, including recovery planning, for pillar coral, rough cactus coral, lobed star coral, mountainous star coral, and boulder star coral.

Species Recovery Contacts

  • Alison Moulding, Southeast Corals Recovery Coordinator

Critical Habitat Designation

Once a species is listed under the ESA, NOAA Fisheries evaluates and identifies whether any areas meet the definition of critical habitat. Those areas may be designated as critical habitat through a rule making process. The designation of an area as critical habitat does not create a closed area, marine protected area, refuge, wilderness reserve, preservation, or other conservation area; nor does the designation affect land ownership. Federal agencies that undertake, fund, or permit activities that may affect these designated critical habitat areas are required to consult with NOAA Fisheries to ensure that their actions do not adversely modify or destroy designated critical habitat.

We designated critical habitat for five threatened Caribbean coral species, including the lobed star coral. Twenty-eight mostly overlapping specific occupied areas containing physical features essential to the conservation of these coral species were designated as critical habitat. These areas contain approximately 16,830 square kilometers (6,500 square miles) of marine habitat. 


Key Actions and Documents

Actions & Documents

Final Rule to Designate Critical Habitat for the Threatened Caribbean Corals

We, NOAA Fisheries, designate critical habitat for five threatened Caribbean coral species, Orbicella annularis, O. faveolata, O. franksi, Dendrogyra cylindrus, and Mycetophyllia ferox, pursuant to section 4 of the Endangered Species Act (ESA). Twenty…
  • Correcting Amendment for Final Rule (89 FR 19511, 03/19/2024)
  • Final Rule (88 FR 54026, 08/09/2023)
  • Proposed Rule (85 FR 76302, 11/27/2020)
  • Critical Habitat Report
  • Pillar Coral Critical Habitat Maps and GIS Data
  • Lobed Star Coral Critical Habitat Maps and GIS Data
  • Mountainous Star Coral Critical Habitat Maps and GIS Data
  • Boulder Star Coral Critical Habitat Maps and GIS Data
  • Rough Cactus Coral Critical Habitat Maps and GIS Data
Final Rule,
Southeast
Effective
September 8, 2023

5-Year Review of Staghorn Coral, Elkhorn Coral, Pillar Coral, Rough Cactus Coral, Lobed Star Coral, Mountainous Star Coral, and Boulder Star Coral

NOAA Fisheries has published a 5-year review of staghorn coral (Acropora cervicornis), elkhorn coral (Acropora palmata), pillar coral (Dendrogyra cylindrus), rough cactus coral (Mycetophyllia ferox), lobed star coral (Orbicella annularis), mountainous…
  • Notice of initiation; request for information (86 FR 1091, 01/07/2021)
  • Caribbean Corals 5-Year Review
  • Appendix 1: Coral 5-Year Status Review Bibliography
  • Appendix 2: Coral 5-Year Status Review Unpublished Monitoring Data
Notice,
Southeast
Published
August 5, 2022

Listing of 20 Reef-Building Coral Species Under the ESA

We, NOAA Fisheries, are publishing this final rule to implement our final determination to list the following 20 species as threatened: five in the Caribbean (Dendrogyra cylindrus, Orbicella annularis, Orbicella faveolata, Orbicella franksi, and…
  • Direct Final Rule to Revise Taxonomy (89 FR 81867, 10/09/2024)
  • Final Rule (79 FR 53852, September 10, 2014)
  • Proposed Rule (77 FR 73219, December 7, 2012)
  • 90-day Finding (75 FR 6616, February 10, 2010)
  • Status Review Report of 82 candidate coral species (2011)
  • Management Report for 82 corals (2012)
  • Petition to List 83 Coral Species Under the Endangered Species Act (2009) (PDF,…
  • Supplemental Information Report for 82 Coral Candidate Species (2012) (PDF, 158…
  • Literature Cited in the Final Rule
  • Final Management Report
  • U.S. Distributions of the 15 ESA-listed Indo-Pacific Coral Species
  • Field Identification Guide to the Threatened Corals of the U.S. Pacific Islands
Final Rule,
Pacific Islands
Southeast
Effective
October 10, 2014

More Information

  • Endangered Species Permits and Authorizations

Last updated by NOAA Fisheries on 02/26/2025

Documents

Document

Caribbean Corals 5-Year Review

NOAA Fisheries has published a 5-year review of staghorn coral, elkhorn coral, pillar coral, rough…

Southeast
Document

5 Caribbean Coral Species Recovery Outline

This document serves as an interim guidance document to direct recovery efforts for pillar coral,…

Southeast
More Documents

Data & Maps

Map

Lobed Star Coral Critical Habitat Maps and GIS Data

Southeast
More Data
More Maps

Last updated by NOAA Fisheries on 02/26/2025

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