Document
The annual economic survey of federal Gulf shrimp permit holders : report on the design, implementation, and descriptive results for 2006
Christopher Liese, Michael D. Travis, Diana Pina, and James R. Waters
Pink Shrimp
Pink Shrimp
Farfantepenaeus duorarum
Also Known As
Spotted shrimp, Hopper, Pink spotted shrimp, Brown spotted shrimp, Grooved shrimp, Green shrimp, Pink night shrimp, Red shrimp, Skipper, Pushed shrimp
Quick Facts
Region
New England/Mid-Atlantic,
Southeast
About the Species
U.S. wild-caught pink shrimp is a smart seafood choice because it is sustainably managed and responsibly harvested under U.S. regulations.
Population
Above target population levels.
Fishing Rate
At recommended levels.
Habitat Impacts
Gear restrictions, such as a weak-link in the tickler chain, are in place to protect bottom habitat from trawl gear.
Bycatch
Regulations are in place to minimize bycatch.
Population Status
-
There are two stocks of pink shrimp: Gulf of Mexico and South Atlantic. According to the most recent stock assessments:
-
The Gulf of Mexico stock is not overfished and not subject to overfishing (2019). Summary stock assessment information can be found on Stock SMART.
-
The South Atlantic stock is not overfished and not subject to overfishing (2018). Summary stock assessment information can be found on Stock SMART.
-
Appearance
- Pink shrimp are crustaceans with 10 slender, relatively long walking legs and five pairs of swimming legs, located on the front surface of the abdomen.
- They typically have a dark-colored spot on each side between their third and fourth abdominal segments. Their tail usually has a dark blue band (rather than the purplish band found on brown shrimp).
- Their carapace is grooved.
- Part of their shell is a well-developed, toothed rostrum that extends to or beyond the outer edge of the eyes.
Biology
- Pink shrimp grow fairly fast, depending on factors such as water temperature and salinity, and can reach over 8 inches in length.
- They have a short life span, usually less than 2 years, and are often referred to as an “annual crop.”
- Pink shrimp are able to reproduce when they reach about 3.3 inches long.
- Off North Carolina, they spawn in May through July. In Florida they spawn multiple times, peaking from April through July when the water is warmest.
- Males mate with females and anchor their sperm to the females. Females release about 500,000 to 1 million eggs near the ocean floor, and the eggs are fertilized as they are released.
- Newly hatched shrimp travel to their estuarine nursery habitats in late spring and early summer, propelled by shoreward currents.
- Shrimp that survive the winter grow rapidly in late winter and early spring before returning to the ocean.
- Pink shrimp larvae feed on plankton (tiny floating plants and animals). Juvenile and adult shrimp are omnivorous, feeding on copepods, small mollusks, diatoms, algae, plant detritus, bacterial films, slime molds, and yeast.
- Sheepshead minnows, water boatmen, and insect larvae eat postlarval shrimp, and grass shrimp, killifishes, and blue crabs prey on young shrimp.
- A wide variety of finfish feed heavily on juvenile and adult shrimp.
Where They Live
- Pink shrimp are found from southern Chesapeake Bay to the Florida Keys and around the coast of the Gulf of Mexico to the Yucatan south of Cabo Catoche, Mexico. They’re most abundant off southwestern Florida and the southeastern Gulf of Campeche.
Fishery Management
- NOAA Fisheries and the South Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico Fishery Management Councils manage the pink shrimp fishery, and state resource management agencies are responsible for inshore state waters.
- In the South Atlantic, managed under the Shrimp Fishery Management Plan for the South Atlantic Region:
- Permits are needed to harvest shrimp in federal waters.
- Fishing trip reports must be submitted for each fishing trip.
- Observers must be carried aboard vessels if selected, to collect data on catch, bycatch, fishing effort, and fishing gear.
- Managers set catch levels based on historic harvest amounts and fishing rates, rather than abundance because pink shrimp are short-lived and heavily influenced by environmental factors.
- In the Gulf of Mexico, managed under the Gulf of Mexico Shrimp Fishery Management Plan:
- Permits are needed to harvest shrimp in federal waters. Currently no new permits are being issued to prevent an increase in the number of boats participating in the fishery.
- Electronic logbooks must be installed and selected fishermen must submit trip reports for each fishing trip.
- Observers must be carried aboard vessels if selected, to collect data on catch, bycatch, fishing effort, and fishing gear.
- Each year all shrimping in federal waters off Texas is closed from approximately mid-May to mid-July to protect brown shrimp populations.
Harvest
- Commercial fishery:
- In 2020, landings of pink shrimp totaled 12 million pounds and were valued at more than $30 million, according to the NOAA Fisheries commercial fishing landings database.
- The three species of penaeid shrimp (white, pink, and brown) make up the vast majority of the shrimp harvested in the southeast. This fishery is one of the most valuable fisheries in the southeastern United States.
- Over 75 percent of the pink shrimp harvested in the United States comes from the west coast of Florida.
- Annual harvests of pink shrimp vary considerably from year to year, primarily due to environmental conditions. Harvests are much lower in years following severe winter weather.
- Gear types, habitat impacts, and bycatch:
- Commercial fishermen harvest shrimp with trawls towed near the ocean floor. The nets are wide in the front and taper toward the back.
- Shrimpers using otter trawl gear in the South Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico are required to use sea turtle excluder devices (TEDs).
- Some shrimp trawlers must also install bycatch reduction devices behind the TED, to reduce finfish bycatch.
- Area closures if fishing effort exceeds certain thresholds.
- Trawlers in the Gulf of Mexico must have a weak-link in the tickler chain, which hangs in front of the net and drags along the ocean floor to stir up shrimp from the bottom into the net. This weak-link allows the tickler chain to drop away if it gets hung up on natural bottom structures.
- Fishermen do not trawl in areas with coral reefs and other known areas of high-relief to avoid damage to their nets.
- Recreational fishery:
- Under federal management, there is no recognized recreational fishery. Fishing in federal waters requires a permit.
- Recreational fishermen catch pink shrimp seasonally and almost always in state waters. State regulations vary from state to state.
Featured News
A photo of Jennifer Doerr and Jennifer Leo in the Galveston Laboratory alongside NOAA Administrator Dr. Richard Spinrad. Credit: Keeley Belva/NOAA Fisheries
An array of fish and shellfish dishes. Credit: iStock.
Grilled tuna lemon with mayo. Credit: North Carolina Sea Grant/Vanda Lewis.
