A group of Atlantic white-sided dolphins swimming in the ocean. Credit: NOAA Fisheries
A group of Atlantic white-sided dolphins swimming in the ocean. Credit: NOAA Fisheries
About the Species
Atlantic white-sided dolphins are found in the temperate waters of the North Atlantic Ocean. In the United States, they are found off the coast of North Carolina to Maine. They are named after their distinctive yellowish-tan streak on their sides.
Atlantic white-sided dolphins, like all marine mammals, are protected under the Marine Mammal Protection Act.
NOAA Fisheries is committed to conserving and protecting Atlantic white-sided dolphins. Our scientists and partners use a variety of innovative techniques to study, learn more about, and protect this species.
Population Status
NOAA Fisheries estimates population size in our stock assessment reports.
The worldwide population of Atlantic white-sided dolphins is unknown, but scientists estimate that there are at least hundreds of thousands.
To manage Atlantic white-sided dolphins in U.S. waters, we have placed them into one stock: the western North Atlantic stock. Based on the most recent surveys, our scientists estimate that there are about 93,233 dolphins in the western North Atlantic stock.
During the 1970s and 1980s in the northwestern Atlantic Ocean, this species population significantly increased due to changes in prey. There are insufficient data for this species to determine the population trends.
Protected Status
CITES Appendix II
MMPA Protected
Appearance
Atlantic white-sided dolphins are relatively small delphinds. They are about 8 to 9 feet in length and weigh 360 to 505 pounds. Males are generally slightly larger than females. The species has a robust streamlined body with a very small beak with a dark upper and white lower lip. They have a distinct prominent, relatively large, tall, falcate dorsal fin, located midway down the back. These dolphins are recognized by a bold complex coloration pattern. They have a dark gray cape with lighter gray sides and a white underside. There is also a bold white patch below a yellow-tan streak on the animal’s flank. Atlantic white-sided dolphins scientific name Lagenorhynchus is derived from the Latin word lagenos for “bottle” or “flask” and rhynchos for “beak” and acutus means “sharp” or “pointed.”
Behavior and Diet
Atlantic white-sided dolphins are fast swimming animals that are usually found in social groups that can range from five to 50 animals, but have been occasionally seen in larger groups of up to several hundred or thousand animals. Schools can be separated by age and sex. They are sometimes seen in mixed schools associated with smaller cetaceans like white-beaked dolphins, bottlenose dolphins, and pilot whales, and larger rorquals such as fin whales and humpback whales. These gregarious dolphins often engage in acrobatic activity, breaching and jumping at the surface.
Atlantic white-sided dolphins are capable of holding their breathe for at least four minutes and diving to feed on small schooling and bottom fish (e.g., cod, hake, herring, mackerel, smelt, and sand lance), crustaceans (e.g., shrimp), and cephalopods (e.g., squid). This species has been observed cooperatively feeding on schools of fish at the water’s surface. They have 29 to 40 pairs of small conical teeth in each jaw that are useful for grasping prey.
Where They Live
Atlantic white-sided dolphins are endemic to the temperate and cooler subpolar waters of the North Atlantic Ocean. They are usually found on or at the edge of the continental shelf and slope in waters with temperatures less than 12 degrees Celsius and usually less than 330 feet. They may also be found in relatively shallow oceanic waters. In the 1970s and 1980s, off the northeastern United States Atlantic coast, the Atlantic white-sided dolphins may have shifted habitats with white-beaked dolphins. During this time, Atlantic white-sided dolphins, which were normally found in offshore waters, moved inshore due to an increase in sand lance on the continental shelf and a decline in herring.
Atlantic white-sided dolphins have a distribution throughout the colder waters of the North Atlantic Ocean from about 38 to 80 degrees North. Their range includes Svalbard, Greenland, Ireland, Europe, Barents Sea, the Azores, and Gulf of Maine. This species has seasonal movements, moving closer inshore and north in the summers, and offshore and south in the winters.
Lifespan & Reproduction
Atlantic white-sided dolphin become sexually mature and begin breeding between six to 12 years of age when they reach lengths of 6.5 to 7 feet for females and 7.5 to 8 feet for males. After a gestation period of about ten to 12 months, females give birth to a single calf that is about 3.5 feet in length and weights 45 to 80 pounds. Calving generally takes place between late spring and early autumn, peaking in June to July. Calves may nurse from their mothers for as long as 18 months before being weaned. Their estimated lifespan is at least 27 years.
Threats
Entanglement
Atlantic white-sided dolphins have been incidentally taken in fisheries such as driftnets, gillnets, and trawls in the Atlantic Ocean. In waters off of Ireland, significant numbers of these dolphins have been incidentally caught in mid-water trawls.
Ocean Noise
Underwater noise pollution interrupts the normal behavior of Atlantic white-sided dolphins that rely on sound to communicate and echolocate. If loud enough, noise can cause permanent or temporary hearing loss. Noise interference from vessels, as well as industrial and military activities, disturbs Atlantic spotted dolphins’ feeding, communication, and orientation.
Hunting
They have been directly hunted and killed for food and oil in the drive fisheries of the Faroe Islands, Greenland, Newfoundland (Canada), and Norway.
Scientific Classification
| Animalia |
Chordata |
Mammalia |
Cetacea |
Delphinidae |
Lagenorhynchus |
acutus |
