Atlantic Highly Migratory Species
Atlantic Highly Migratory Species
Highly migratory species (HMS) travel long distances and often cross domestic and international boundaries. NOAA Fisheries manages HMS fisheries—tunas, sharks, swordfish, and billfish—in U.S. Atlantic Ocean, Gulf of Mexico, and Caribbean waters. We:
- Develop and implement fishery management plans in cooperation with the HMS advisory panel.
- Monitor commercial and recreational catches to ensure compliance with domestic and international quotas and/or catch limits.
- Issue permits for commercial and recreational HMS fishing and scientific research.
- Implement domestic requirements of the International Convention for the Conservation of Atlantic Tuna (ICCAT) and supportinternational negotiations for ICCAT, the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
Managed Species
Billfish
Billfish species are considered to be among the largest and most powerful species distinguished by their sleek body and signature long spear-like bill.
- Blue marlin
- White marlin
- Roundscale spearfish
- Sailfish
Tuna
The tuna is a sleek and streamlined fish, adapted for speed. Both its dorsal and pelvic fins retract when swimming to increase speed.
- Bigeye
- Albacore
- Yellowfin
- Skipjack
- Bluefin
Sharks
Sharks are a group of fish characterized by a cartilage skeleton, five to seven gill slits on the sides of the head, and pectoral fins that are not fused to the head.
- Atlantic angel shark*
- Atlantic sharpnose shark
- Basking shark*
- Bigeye sand tiger shark*
- Bigeye sixgill shark*
- Bigeye thresher shark*
- Bignose shark*
- Blacknose shark
- Blacktip shark
- Blue shark
- Bonnethead shark
- Bull shark
- Caribbean reef shark*
- Caribbean sharpnose shark*
- Carolina hammerhead shark
- Common thresher shark
- Dusky shark*
- Finetooth shark
- Florida smoothhound
- Galapagos shark*
- Great hammerhead shark
- Gulf smoothhound
- Lemon shark
- Longfin mako shark*
- Narrowtooth shark*
- Night shark*
- Nurse shark
- Oceanic whitetip shark*
- Porbeagle shark
- Sand tiger shark*
- Sandbar shark
- Scalloped hammerhead shark
- Sevengill shark*
- Shortfin mako shark
- Silky shark
- Sixgill shark*
- Smalltail shark*
- Smooth dogfish
- Smooth hammerhead shark
- Spinner shark
- Tiger shark
- Whale shark*
- White shark*
Swordfish
One of the fastest predators in the ocean, their streamlined body allows them to swim at high speeds, up to 50 mph. Swordfish are distinguished by a long, flat sword-like bill.
4 categories of fish managed by NOAA Fisheries' Atlantic HMS Program
We manage four categories of fish known as highly migratory species in U.S. Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico—tunas, swordfish, billfishes, and sharks. These fish migrate long distances, often crossing domestic and international boundaries.
5 species of billfish are found in Atlantic waters
Billfish, distinguished by a long, round, rough bill, are some of the largest and fastest predators in the sea. They include blue marlin, white marlin, sailfish, longbill spearfish, and roundscale spearfish.
Advisory Bodies
We consult our Advisory Panel when preparing and implementing fishery management plans and amendments. Also, with the help of scientists, fishermen, environmentalists, and others, we conduct domestic shark stock assessments through the Southeast Data, Assessment,and Review (SEDAR) process.
Permits
There are a variety of permitting requirements associated with fishing for Atlantic HMS. Check out permit information for commercial fishermen, recreational fishermen, for-hire fishing, and dealers and import/export.
Workshops
NOAA Fisheries requires certain HMS permit holders to attend educational workshops. HMS permit holders using pelagic longline, bottom longline, or gillnet gear must attend Safe Handling, Release, and Identification workshops. Federal shark dealer permit holders must attend Atlantic Shark Identification workshops.
Learn more about Safe Handling, Release, and Identification Workshops
Bycatch Reduction
In HMS fisheries, bycatch of HMS species and protected species such as sea turtles and whales are of particular concern. NOAA Fisheries is working to ensure fisheries remain sustainable and protected species are given their best chance to recover and has a number of resources and authorities to track bycatch, encourage innovation, and reduce bycatch.
Tournaments
Atlantic HMS tournaments are fishing events that award points or prizes for the catch and release or landing of sharks, tunas, billfish, or swordfish in the U.S. Atlantic Ocean, Gulf of Mexico, or Caribbean Sea.
International
Atlantic HMS species live throughout the Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico and often migrate long distances. Because these species cross domestic and international boundaries, responsible management of Atlantic HMS requires international cooperation. We do this through a number of international agreements, including the International Convention for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas, Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, and the the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
Understanding Atlantic Shark Fishing
U.S. shark fishermen work under some of the most robust environmental standards in the world.
Commercial Fishermen
NOAA Fisheries manages commercial fisheries for Atlantic tunas, swordfish, and sharks in federal waters of the U.S. Atlantic Ocean, Gulf of Mexico, and Caribbean Sea. This includes pelagic longline, bottom longline, purse seine, gillnet, handgear, and green-stick fisheries. Explore the information below to find information on commercial fishing for Atlantic HMS—rules and regulations, permit requirements, recent landings, and reporting requirements including vessel monitoring systems and electronic monitoring.
Rules & Regulations
Commercial fishermen in Atlantic HMS fisheries are required to comply with a variety of regulations:
- Rules and regulations for Atlantic HMS.
- For a comprehensive list of HMS regulations, please refer to the electronic Code of Federal Regulations.
- For a plain language summary of how to comply with the HMS regulations for Atlantic tunas, swordfish, sharks, and billfishes, refer to the Commercial Compliance Guide.
- Recent regulatory updates as well as current fishing seasons and retention limits are posted under Announcements.
Permits
There are a variety of permitting requirements associated for commercial fishing for Atlantic HMS:
- HMS limited access permits
- Commercial caribbean small boat permit
- Commercial smoothhound shark permit
- Atlantic tunas permits (general and harpoon)
- Swordfish general commercial permit
- HMS charter/headboat permit
- Limited access Atlantic tunas purse seine permit
Landings Updates
- Atlantic swordfish
- Atlantic bluefin tuna
- Commercial Atlantic bigeye, yellowfin, albacore, and skipjack tuna
- Atlantic shark commercial fishery landings and retention limit update
Explore all Atlantic HMS landings updates
Vessel Monitoring Systems
A vessel monitoring system is a satellite surveillance system primarily used to monitor the location of commercial fishing vessels in the U.S. exclusive economic zone and treaty areas. Certain owners or operators of commercial vessels that are permitted, or required to be permitted, to fish for Atlantic HMS are required to install a NOAA Fisheries-approved enhanced mobile transmitting unit (E-MTU).
Learn more about vessel monitoring
Electronic Monitoring
NOAA Fisheries has reached an important milestone—the first fleet-wide implementation of electronic monitoring in the United States. As of June 1, 2015, electronic monitoring was required on all vessels fishing with pelagic longline gear in the Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico. Required by Amendment 7 to the Atlantic HMS Fishery Management Plan, electronic monitoring is intended to provide an effective and efficient way to monitor and verify Atlantic bluefin tuna catches in the pelagic longline fishery. It provides an efficient means of verifying catches while minimizing the burden on fishermen and maintaining a viable fishery.
Recreational Fishermen
NOAA Fisheries manages recreational fisheries for Atlantic highly migratory species, including tunas, swordfish, sharks, and billfishes, in federal waters of the U.S. Atlantic Ocean, Gulf of Mexico, and Caribbean Sea.
Rules & Regulations
Recreational fisherman fishing for Atlantic HMS species are required to comply with a variety of regulations:
- Rules and regulations for Atlantic HMS.
- For a comprehensive list of HMS regulations, please refer to the electronic Code of Federal Regulations.
- For a plain language summary of how to comply with the HMS regulations for Atlantic tunas, swordfish, sharks, and billfishes, refer to the Recreational Compliance Guide.
- Recent regulatory updates as well as current fishing seasons and retention limits are posted under Announcements.
Permits
- The HMS angling permit is required to fish recreationally for Atlantic HMS in federal waters, and most state waters for Atlantic tunas.
- Commercial Atlantic tunas general category or a swordfish general commercial permits can be used for fishing recreationally only when participating in a registered HMS tournament.
- An HMS charter/headboat permit is required for vessels taking for-hire passengers recreational fishing for Atlantic HMS.
Landings Updates
Explore all Atlantic HMS landings updates
Tournaments
Atlantic HMS tournaments are events that award points or prizes for the catch and release or landing of sharks, tunas, billfish, or swordfish, in the U.S. Atlantic Ocean, Gulf of Mexico, or Caribbean Sea. Tournament operators must register tournaments, keep records of fishermen and results, and will be notified if they are required to submit a catch report. All billfish tournaments must send a catch report.
Learn more about Atlantic HMS tournaments
Catch Reporting
Anglers must report all landings of swordfish, billfish, and bluefin tuna (including bluefin tuna dead discards) either online or by phone.
More Information
- Fishery Management Plans and Amendments
- Notices and Rules
- Atlantic HMS Careful Catch and Release Brochure
- Atlantic Shark Identification Placard for Recreational Fishermen
- Saltwater Recreational Fisheries Policy—Atlantic HMS Implementation Plan
- Saltwater Recreational Fisheries Regional Snapshots
- Register/Report Your HMS Tournament
- Contact Us
For-Hire Fishing
NOAA Fisheries manages the for-hire fishery (or chartering a vessel for recreational fishing purposes) for Atlantic tunas, swordfish, sharks, and billfishes in federal waters of the U.S. Atlantic Ocean, Gulf of Mexico, and Caribbean Sea.
Rules & Regulations
For-hire fishing for Atlantic HMS species are required to comply with a variety of regulations:
- Rules and regulations for Atlantic HMS.
- For a plain language summary of how to comply with the HMS regulations for Atlantic tunas, swordfish, sharks, and billfishes while on a for-hire fishing trip, refer to the Recreational Compliance Guide.
- Recent regulatory updates as well as current fishing seasons and retention limits are posted under Announcements.
- For regulations applicable to HMS charter/headboat permit holders on a non-for-hire trip, refer to the Commercial Compliance Guide.
Permits
The HMS charter/headboat permit authorizes charter and headboat vessels to take for-hire passengers to recreationally fish for or retain:
- Any Atlantic HMS with rod & reel
- Tunas, sharks, and swordfish with handline
- Tunas with green-stick or bandit gear
- Free-swimming tunas (excluding bluefin) with a speargun
Recreational Fishing
Anglers must report all landings of swordfish, billfish, and bluefin tuna (including bluefin tuna dead discards) either online or by phone.
Dealers, Importers, and Exporters
NOAA Fisheries manages the trade, including import, export, and re-export, of Atlantic highly migratory species, including tunas, swordfish, and sharks.
Rules & Regulations
Dealers importing and exporting Atlantic HMS species are required to comply with a variety of regulations:
- Rules and regulations for Atlantic HMS and the import and export of Atlantic HMS.
- For a plain language summary of how to comply with the regulations for Atlantic tunas, swordfish, and sharks dealers, refer to the Dealer Compliance Guide.
- Recent regulatory updates as well as current fishing seasons and retention limits are posted under Announcements.
Permits
There are a variety of permitting requirements associated with dealing or trading Atlantic HMS. The permit search will provide information on how to obtain:
- Atlantic tunas dealer permit.
- Atlantic shark and swordfish dealer permit.
- International fisheries trade permit.
Dealer Reporting
The Electronic Dealer Reporting (eDealer) system allows you to electronically submit all data for HMS except Atlantic bluefin tuna. The eDealer system is integrated with existing electronic reporting programs, including SAFIS and Trip Tickets. Dealers can report Atlantic bluefin tuna through the Electronic Bluefin Tuna (eBFT) Dealer Reporting system. Dealers must also report catch of Atlantic bluefin tuna through the Individual Bluefin Quota (IBQ) online system.
HMS International Trade Program Reporting
The Atlantic HMS International Trade Program regulates trade, including import, export, and re-export, of Atlantic bluefin tuna, Pacific bluefin tuna, Southern bluefin tuna, swordfish, frozen bigeye tuna, and shark fins. Entities importing or exporting these species must obtain the international fisheries trade permit, and all trade documentation must be submitted via the automated commercial environment as part of the International Trade Data System.
Documents
Atlantic Salmon Assessments
The U.S. Atlantic Salmon Assessment Committee monitors the population status of U.S. Atlantic…
Dolphinfish Stakeholder Workshop Presentation
As part of a dolphinfish management strategy evaluation, NOAA Fisheries conducted stakeholder…
Passive Acoustic Detections Reports: North Atlantic Right Whale
Summary reports of North Atlantic right whale acoustic presence.
2023 Restricted Fishing Days Calendar
Daily commercial bluefin tuna retention limits will be set to zero every Tuesday, Friday, and…
Data & Maps
NOAA NEFSC North Atlantic Right Whale Acoustic Data and Annotations
These datasets are a compilation of acoustic data and associated annotation logs, collected in the…
U.S. Atlantic Salmon Assessment Committee Database
This database contains historic adult return, adult stocking, juvenile stocking, egg production,…
West Coast Groundfish Observer Data
Summaries of bycatch estimates, groundfish mortality, and coverage levels collected aboard observed…
Research
Cooperative Research in the Southeast
Cooperative research involves partnerships between the fishing industry and scientists. We work together to improve our understanding of ocean ecosystems and support the management of sustainable and productive fisheries.
Outreach & Education
Shark Identification Placard
If you don't know, let it go. Shark identification and federal regulations for the recreational…
Dolphinfish Management Strategy Evaluation At-A-Glance
Learn about the dolphinfish management strategy evaluation process.
2024 Shark Art Calendar
The 2024 Shark Art Calendar featuring the 13 winning drawings by elementary students from across…
Atlantic Highly Migratory Species Commercial Compliance Guide
This guide provides a plain language summary of how to comply with commercial highly migratory…